Amurka ita ce kasa mafi girma wajen samar da Broccoli a duniya. Yawancin nau'in Broccoli da ake girma a Amurka ana sayar da su azaman sabo ne. Shugabannin Broccoli sun ƙunshi ƙananan buds waɗanda ke shirye don fure. Broccoli shine tushen cruciferous kayan lambu. Broccoli nasa ne mustard dangin shuke-shuke kuma yana da alaƙa da Brussels sprouts, Kabeji, Kabeji, Kale, da Kohlrabi.
Broccoli sprouts kuma ana ci, ana ci danye, kuma sanannen abinci ne na kiwon lafiya a Amurka. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan broccoli daban-daban guda biyu da ake samu. Suna tsiro kuma suna kan Broccoli. Babban nau'in nau'in Broccoli shine nau'in da aka fi girma a cikin Rukunin koren furannin furanni na Amurka suna nuna shi a saman wani ɗanɗano mai yawa, koren furen fure tare da ƙananan gungu suna tsirowa daga tushe. Sprouting Broccoli yana yin m, farin curd kama da farin kabeji.
Broccoli ya samo asali ne a cikin Bahar Rum kuma ya girma tun zamanin Romawa, amma sabon amfanin gona ne ga Amurkawa. Ƙara shaharar Broccoli yana da alaƙa da kayan abinci mai gina jiki, samun kasuwa, da kuma dacewa. Ana iya samun Broccoli a cikin shaguna ta nau'i-nau'i daban-daban kamar sabbin shugabannin, da aka riga aka yanke a matsayin florets, Broccoli slaw, daskararre daban-daban, sabo da daskararre gauraye, da miya.
Yadda ake fara noman Broccoli a Amurka
Broccoli iri-iri a Amurka
Yawancin Broccoli na California sun haɗa da Avenger, Belstar, Destiny, Green Magic, Imperial, Legacy, Marathon, Pattern, da Tahoe. Nau'in Arewa maso gabas sun haɗa da matasan (Kyaftin, Everest, Gypsy, Pinnacle, Diplomat, da Windsor) da waɗanda ba hybrids (Imperial, Emerald Pride, Pacman, da Premium Crop). Masu sana'ar Broccoli na kasuwanci a California suna amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in Italiyanci, wanda kuma aka sani da koren sprout Broccoli ko Calabrese. An zaɓi nau'ikan ciyayi waɗanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki 75 zuwa 140 don girma daga shuka zuwa girma mai kasuwa.
Iri iri-iri sun bambanta da launi da girman shuka, girman kai da girman fure, da kuma gwargwadon girman harbe-harbe ko ƙananan kawuna na gefe suna tasowa a ƙasan kan tasha. Zaɓin ciyawar da ta dace don kowane lokacin shuka da yanki yana da mahimmanci don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin kai da ake so. Kalabrese Broccoli shine nau'in da aka fi sani da shi a Amurka. An fara noma shi a yankin Calabria na Italiya.
Ana kuma san shi da "Green Italiyanci." Broccoli Rabe wani nau'in Broccoli ne da ake nomawa a yankin Bahar Rum na duniya. Wannan nau'in Broccoli yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi fiye da nau'in Calabrese kuma yana shahara sosai a cikin abincin Italiyanci. Ana kuma kiran Broccoli baby Broccoli. Giciye tsakanin Sinawa ne kale da Calabrese Broccoli, amma yana kama da wani bishiyar asparagus dafa tare da broccoli kai. Ya fi karami kuma mai zaki idan aka kwatanta da Broccoli na yau da kullum.
Zaɓin wurin don noman Broccoli a cikin Amurka
Broccoli yana girma mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai kyau tare da kyawawan kaddarorin riƙe ruwa. Idan kun girma Broccoli shuka akan ƙasa mai yashi, ban ruwa yana da mahimmanci don haɓakar tsire-tsire mafi kyau da ingantaccen ci gaba na babban kai da harbe-harbe.
Lokacin dasa shuki da tsari don noman Broccoli a cikin Amurka
Saboda Broccoli amfanin gona ne na lokacin sanyi, yawanci ana shuka shi a cikin bazara. Kawun furanni (bangaren da ake ci na Broccoli) suna haɓaka don amsa yanayin yanayin yanayi. A lokacin rani, Broccoli shugabannin ripening a watan Yuli girma da sauri (4-6 kwanaki) fiye da shugabannin ripening a cikin sanyi bazara. ) na iya tsiro (samar da furanni da iri) da lokutan kaka. Saboda Broccoli shuka ne mai sanyi-lokaci, ana dasa shi a cikin bazara. Ya kamata a rufe kawunan broccoli kuma a tabbata (ba a bayyane furanni masu launin rawaya) don a yi la'akari da inganci mai kyau.
A karkashin waɗannan yanayi, tsaba yawanci suna tsiro a cikin ƙasa da kwanaki bakwai. Isasshen danshi na kasa wajibi ne don ganiya germination na tsaba. Dangane da yanayin, dasawa yana farawa a ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. Ana iya yin dasa mai nasara kowane mako biyu har zuwa Agusta. Mafi kyawun yawan shuka don Broccoli shine tsire-tsire 14,000 zuwa 24,000 a kowace kadada. Don haka, adadin iri a kowace kadada da ya kamata ku saya ya bambanta da tazarar shuka, tsayawar shuka ta ƙarshe, da kashi dari germination iri.
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Dangane da nau'in shukar da aka yi amfani da shi (bazuwar ko daidai), ya kamata ku shuka 0.5-1.5 fam na Broccoli a kowace acre kuma ku sanya tsaba 12-18 inci baya cikin layuka 36-inch. Lokacin dasawa, yakamata a sami aƙalla tsire-tsire 11,000 a kowace kadada. Hukunce-hukuncen tazarar sun dogara da tazarar layinku, ƙarfin ban ruwa, kwanan shuka, da takamaiman buƙatun kasuwa (kanana ko manyan kawunan). Broccoli yana girma da kyau a cikin yanayin Michigan mai sanyi, musamman kusa da tabkuna inda yanayin zafi ya kasance matsakaici.
Ba ya jure wa zafi da yawa, don haka yana da kyau a shirya bazara da kaka amfanin gona. Yana iya jure sanyi sanyi a matakin seedling amma baya jure sanyi kamar danginsa na kusa, kabeji. A cikin kaka, balagagge Broccoli zai iya jure yanayin zafi kamar ƙasa da 25 ° F kuma yanayin zafi mai sanyi a wannan lokacin ya sa Michigan Broccoli ya fi dadi fiye da duk abin da aka girma a cikin yanayi mai zafi kamar California. A cikin yanayi mai sauƙi, girbi na Broccoli na lokaci-lokaci yana yiwuwa a cikin Disamba.
Samar da Broccoli a Amurka
Amurka tana samar da fiye da fam biliyan 2 na Broccoli tare da darajar fiye da dala miliyan 750 akan fiye da kadada 130,000. Broccoli kayan lambu ne mai sanyi-lokaci mai alaƙa da kabeji da farin kabeji, waɗanda ke buƙatar buƙatun samarwa iri ɗaya.
Kasuwar da ke samar da kayayyaki ta kai kashi 95 cikin 92 na amfanin gonar Amurka. Ana shuka shi a California tare da babban girbi daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa Disamba. California tana samar da kusan kashi 15 na Broccoli da ake nomawa a Amurka, sai Arizona. California tana fitar da kusan kashi 20 zuwa XNUMX na sabbin kasuwancinta na Broccoli.
Bukatun yanayi don noman Broccoli a Amurka
Broccoli shine kayan lambu mai ƙarfi da sanyi-lokaci a cikin dangin mustard. Yana da alaƙa da kabeji da kabeji, kuma buƙatun al'adu iri ɗaya ne. Irin Broccoli yana girma kuma yana girma a 4 zuwa 35 ° C, amma ana samun ci gaba mafi kyau idan yanayin iska na wata ya kasance 16 zuwa 18 ° C.
A cikin tsire-tsire na kasuwanci, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau, tsire-tsire masu manyan ganye suna samar da ɗan ƙaramin furanni a kan doguwar kore, kore, rassan rassan. Matsakaicin shugaban furen yana da inci 3 zuwa 8 (7.5 zuwa 20 cm) a diamita, kuma tsayin tsirrai ya kai inci 12 zuwa 24 (30 zuwa 60 cm). Kyawawan iri-iri na Broccoli yana da ƙananan beads na kayan ado (furanni na fure), kyakkyawan shuɗi-kore zuwa launin kore, da kunkuntar kawunansu masu siffar dome waɗanda ke tsaye sama da shuka don sauƙi. girbi.
Broccoli na girma a cikin Amurka
Jihohin da ke samar da Broccoli sune California (kashi 90 na amfanin gona), Arizona, Texas, da Oregon. Broccoli kuma ana shuka shi sosai a Arewacin Turai, Italiya, da Gabas Mai Nisa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka ta samar da fiye da kadada 500. California gabaɗaya tana samar da fiye da kashi 90 na amfanin gonar Broccoli na Amurka. Sauran jihohin da ke noma Broccoli sun haɗa da Wisconsin, Ohio, Arizona, Maine, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Texas, da Florida. Ana samun Fresh Broccoli duk shekara a cikin shagunan kayan abinci tare da masu noma a duk faɗin ƙasar.
Broccoli kayan lambu ne mai sanyi-lokaci mai alaƙa da kabeji da farin kabeji, waɗanda ke buƙatar buƙatun samarwa iri ɗaya. Kasuwar da ke samar da kayayyaki ta kai kashi 95 cikin 92 na amfanin gonar Amurka. Ana shuka shi a California tare da babban girbi daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa Disamba. California tana samar da kusan kashi 15 na Broccoli da ake nomawa a Amurka, sai Arizona. California tana fitar da kusan kashi 20 zuwa XNUMX na sabbin kasuwancinta na Broccoli.
Gudanar da ban ruwa don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa
Broccoli yana buƙatar isasshen danshi na ƙasa don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci, musamman a lokacin samuwar shugaban fure. Ruwan ruwa fiye da kima na iya haifar da haɓakar kawuna ko faɗuwar mai tushe kuma yana iya haɓaka cututtukan tushen. Ana shayar da Broccoli ta hanyar shigar da furrows da yayyafawa sama. Yawancin manoma suna amfani da su bazawa ban ruwa a cikin Broccoli don fitowar iri ko dasawa, sannan furrow ko drip ban ruwa ga sauran amfanin gona.
Broccoli da aka girma mafi yawa a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Imperial County ana ba da ruwa, kuma yawancin filayen gonakin da ke kan Tekun Tsakiyar ana ban ruwa ne ta amfani da sprinkler na sama. Bayan an kafa dashen shuka, yawanci ana yin ban ruwa tare da yayyafawa a kowane mako tare da babban bankin lokacin bazara da bazara. Ana samar da ƴan kadada na Broccoli a Tekun Tsakiyar ta hanyar amfani da ban ruwa mai ɗigon ƙasa.
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Ba a amfani da ɗigon ruwa gabaɗaya a lokacin bazara a kan Gabar Tsakiyar Tsakiya saboda matsalolin samun ingantattun ƙa'idodi a ƙarƙashin ƙimar ƙawancen ƙaya. Koyaya, wasu masu noman suna ƙara ɗigon ruwa tare da furrow ko yayyafawa yayin matakin girma na kai. Gundumar Ventura ta ƙara yawan ƙwayar Broccoli (ciki har da cibiyoyi) waɗanda ke girma akan drip kaɗai.
Noman noman Broccoli da aka yayyafa ruwa a tsakiyar kwarin yana buƙatar kimanin kadada 2 zuwa 3 na ruwa da 1.5 zuwa 2.5 acre-feet na ruwa da ake amfani da shi don samar da Broccoli a lokacin bazara tare da yayyafawa a tsakiyar bakin teku. Noman da aka yi ban ruwa a cikin Imperial County suna samun ruwa kusan kadada uku a kowace kadada yayin faɗuwa. Tsarin ban ruwa na drip a cikin amfanin gona na Broccoli na iya rage yawan amfani da ruwa da kashi 25 cikin dari akan nau'in ƙasa mai yuwuwar zubar da ruwa. kasa yashi tare da iyakacin ikon riƙe ruwa.
Bukatar Broccoli a Amurka
Amfani da Broccoli na kowane mutum kowane mutum ya biyo baya mafi yawa a sama a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Amfani da Broccoli sabo ya karu saboda shaharar sandunan salati, amma yawancin amfani da shi yana faruwa ne saboda amfani da shi azaman gefen tasa ko kayan masarufi. An kuma sayar da Broccoli a matsayin abincin abinci mai gina jiki saboda yawan fiber, bitamin C, bitamin A, da ma'adanai, ciki har da calcium da baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma maganin ciwon daji, wanda aka nuna yana inganta lafiya ya inganta cin abinci a tsakanin masu amfani da hankali.
Taki da sarrafa ciyawa a cikin noman Broccoli
Kafin takin amfanin gona na Broccoli, yakamata a yi nazarin ƙasa, sannan a tantance adadin taki. Gabaɗaya, amfanin gona na Broccoli yana buƙatar kilogiram 150 na nitrogen, kilogiram 100 na phosphorus, da kilogiram 170 na potassium a kowace kadada. A lokacin dasawa, ya kamata a yi amfani da nitrogen 120 kg, phosphorus 80 kg, potassium 60 kg. Aiwatar da sauran rabin nitrogen a cikin allurai biyu, kwanaki 30 da 45 bayan dasawa. Ba da micronutrients gwargwadon buƙatun amfanin gona.
Tsiren Broccoli yana nuna rashi na boron, don haka a shafa ƙonawa tare da feshin foil ko takin ruwa idan an gan shi a filin. Wani muhimmin fasaha na girma lokacin girma Broccoli shine sako gudanarwa. Broccoli sau da yawa yana bushewa a farkon matakan girma. Ganye yana gogayya da tsire-tsire matasa don samun damar zuwa sararin samaniya, hasken rana, ruwa, da na gina jiki. Duk masu noman Broccoli yakamata su kasance da dabarun magance ciyawa. Dabarun na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe, tsarin shari'a, tushen samar da kayayyaki, masana'antar da ake niyya da samfuran, da sauransu. Lokacin da Broccoli ya girma sosai, ciyawa ba babbar matsala ba ce.
Kwari, cututtuka, da sarrafa su a cikin noman Broccoli
Ƙwararrun masu son Broccoli waɗanda ke kai hari ga ciyayi sun haɗa da kabeji da iri masara tsutsotsi, yayin da ƙuma ƙwaro, wireworms, cutworms, da aphids ke mamaye shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, balagagge tsirran Broccoli na iya zama mai saukin kamuwa ga madauki, gwoza Armyworms, diamondback moths, Silverleaf whiteflies, da kabeji asu. Nematodes na iya tsoma baki tare da girma idan ƙasa ta cika da kwari masu parasitic.
Kamuwa da cuta na iya haifar da kwari suna cin kawuna da ganye, haifar da bushewar ganye, rage girman kai, ko mutuwar shuka gaba ɗaya. Har ila yau, kwari suna haifar da lalacewa da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Cututtuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mai tushe mara tushe, rawaya na furanni, da furanni masu launin ruwan kasa. Fungal da kuma kwayar cuta ƙwayoyin cuta suna da yawa a cikin ruwan sama, yanayin girma mai sanyi, gami da baƙar fata, baƙar ƙafa, ɓacin rai na kwayan cuta, mildew downy, da Alternaria.
Kwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da bushewa, stunting, rubewar ganye, blisters, da mutuwar shuka. Rashin ban ruwa mara kyau da rashin kulawa na iya ba da damar ƙwayoyin cuta su yada zuwa wasu tsire-tsire da filayen. Sau da yawa ana iya hana shi juyawa amfanin gona da iri masu jure cututtuka. Jiyya na duka tsire-tsire da foliage tare da kayan gwari yawanci magani ne mai taimako.
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Lokacin girbin Broccoli a Amurka
Girbi Broccoli kafin fure yayin da furanni ke cikin wuyar kai. Idan furanni sun yi fure, ya yi latti. Lokacin da aka cire shugaban ƙasa na Broccoli, sauran ƙananan kawuna za su yi girma yayin da harbe-harbe suka haɓaka, haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kada ku cire shuka bayan cire babban kai. Broccoli yana da matukar lalacewa a yanayin zafi, don haka yana da kyau a girbi da safe kuma a ajiye shi nan da nan.
Ana noman Broccoli gabaɗaya don sabo da kasuwannin sarrafawa. Farashin kasuwa ya ƙayyade yadda ake girbin Broccoli-ana iya girbe amfanin gona da hannu sau biyu, dangane da farashin kasuwa da inganci. Sabbin samfuran Broccoli masu ƙima sun bambanta daga yankan kambi na musamman, mashi, da sabbin furanni zuwa Broccoli slaw zuwa kayan da aka riga aka shirya da sauran abinci masu dacewa waɗanda aka ƙaddara don su. fitarwa, sabis na abinci, da masu amfani da gida.
Yawancin Broccoli yana shirye don girbi kwanaki 60-90 bayan dasawa. Koyaya, lokacin girbi ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan iri da yanayin muhalli. Girbi Broccoli lokacin da kawunan ya kai girman da ya dace don iri-iri. Ya kamata kawunan su zama m, kuma launin su ya zama iri ɗaya. Mu yawanci muna girbi tsakiya, kai na tsakiya da farko. Kawukan gefe yawanci suna girma daga baya. Don haɓaka ci gaban kai na biyu bayan an girbe amfanin gona na farko, ci gaba da tsarin hadi da ban ruwa na yau da kullun.
Kasuwancin Broccoli a Amurka
Broccoli da ake nomawa a Arewa maso Gabashin Amurka yana samuwa gabaɗaya daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Kasuwa sabo ana siyar da Broccoli bisa ga al'ada daga buɗaɗɗe ganga, a cikin ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙananan furanni, ko kuma kamar yadda ƙananan kawuna da yawa daure tare da a roba band. Madadin tallace-tallace da yawa don mai noman Broccoli: tallace-tallacen juma'a, samar da gwanjo, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, dillalai na gida, da tsayawar hanya.
Lokacin da ake shirin samarwa, la'akari da ikon yin kasuwa da farko idan kun yi bincike na kasuwa saboda masu noman sun kima da ikon sayar da Broccoli a cikin kasuwar da aka bayar. Ga yawancin manoma, broccoli samar da kasa da kadada daya na kayan lambu da yawa ya zama ruwan dare. Ana sayar da Broccoli a matsayin sabon samfuri ko sarrafawa, kodayake yawancin masu noman suna samar da shi don sabuwar kasuwa. Broccoli da aka sarrafa yawanci ana daskarewa don siyarwa kuma ana siyar dashi azaman mashi ko yankakken, yayin da iyakacin adadin gwangwani ana yin miya.
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Broccoli da ake nomawa don sarrafawa yawanci ana samarwa ne a ƙarƙashin kwangila tsakanin mai shuka da mai sarrafawa. Kayan lambu ne mai amfani biyu kamar yadda za'a iya amfani da sabo iri don sarrafawa. Fitowar wani sashe mai ƙima, wanda ya haɗa da riga-kafi da jakunkuna na Broccoli florets da Broccoli coleslaw, yana taimakawa haɓaka kasuwannin Broccoli, kuma ƙarin dacewa yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfani da Broccoli.
Kasuwa mai sabo ya kai kashi 95 cikin XNUMX na amfanin gona na Amurka, kuma masu daskarewa a gida suna samun ɗanyen kayayyakinsu a ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da masu shuka tsire-tsire musamman don buƙatun da masu sarrafawa suka gindaya. Har yanzu ana ɗaukar Broccoli kayan lambu mai amfani biyu, ma'ana cewa nau'ikan da suka dace da sabon kasuwa ana iya amfani da su a wasu lokuta don samfuran sarrafa su kuma akasin haka. Bukatar Broccoli na ci gaba da karuwa a cikin gida da kuma na duniya. Bukatar Broccoli ana danganta shi ga al'amuran kiwon lafiya da batutuwa masu dacewa.
Tambayoyi akai-akai game da noman Broccoli a Amurka
Shin noman Broccoli yana da fa'ida?
A jumloli na Rs 25 a kowace kg, manomi zai iya samun kusan Rs 3 lakh daga noman Broccoli. Abincin Broccoli, kayan lambu mai kama da kabeji da farin kabeji, yana samar da gram 800. Ya ƙunshi bitamin A da C da ma'adanai irin su potassium, sodium, da baƙin ƙarfe, da fiber mai narkewa.
Wace jiha ce ta shahara da Broccoli?
California tana samar da kashi 90 na Broccoli na Amurka, tare da Arizona kusa da na biyu. 15-20% na Broccoli ana fitar dashi zuwa Kanada, Japan, da Taiwan.
Daga ina Amurka ke shigo da Broccoli?
Yawancin Broccoli daskararre suna zuwa daga Mexico, tare da ƙaramin adadin da ke fitowa daga Guatemala.
Shin tsiron Broccoli yana da sauƙin girma?
Shuka Broccoli yana da sauƙin girma kuma yana samar da sauri da sauri, yana ba ku daɗaɗɗa, amfanin gona mai gina jiki na shuɗi-koren shugabannin.
Me yasa tsire-tsire na Broccoli suke da tsayi da fata?
Broccoli amfanin gona ne na lokacin sanyi, don haka ƙasa mai dumi kuma tana iya sa Broccoli yayi tsayi da ƙarfi.
Za ku iya shayar da Broccoli?
Broccoli na iya zama ruwan sama idan an shayar da shi akai-akai. Broccoli yana buƙatar ƙasa don bushewa tsakanin lokutan shayarwa. Don haka, shayar da tsire-tsire kowane kwana ɗaya zuwa biyu yana da yawa.
Me yasa burokoli na ya zama bakin ciki sosai?
Broccoli, ko tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire masu girma suna girma a cikin lambun, na iya zama ƙafafu, ma'ana mai tushe yana da tsayi, sirara, kuma ba zai iya tallafawa shuka ba. Sake dasa tsire-tsire na Broccoli na ƙafar ƙafa yana kama da motsa jariri daga gadon gado zuwa babban gado don rama girmansa.
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Me yasa Broccoli na ke tsirowa?
Dasa su a waje lokacin da suke kanana. Broccoli sprouts ya fadi saboda tushen dashen da aka dasa ba sa samun isasshen ruwa don kiyaye tushen shuka. Shayar da tsire-tsire ba ya magance wannan gaba ɗaya, saboda tushen gashi yana buƙatar lokaci don girma cikin kusancin kusanci da barbashi ƙasa.
Tushe: https://www.agrifarming.in