Cucumbers (Cucumis sativas) membobi ne na dangin Cucurbitaceae, gami da Squash, Pumpkins, Musk melons, kankana, da Gourds. Ana samar da cucumbers a duk duniya, kuma Amurka ita ce ƙasa ta huɗu mafi girma bayan China, Indiya, da Rasha. Mexico ita ce farkon mai shigo da kaya a lokacin hunturu kakar don biyan buƙatun shekara-shekara daga masu amfani da Amurka. Mafi kyawun yankin girma don Cucumbers a cikin Amurka shine Zone 5a.
Yadda ake fara noman cucumber a Amurka
Yanayi don girma Cucumber a Amurka
- Cucumbers tsire-tsire ne na lokacin dumi kuma suna girma mafi kyau tsakanin 18 zuwa 35 ° C. Ana shuka cucumbers ko dai a cikin filayen ko a cikin greenhouses. Tsire-tsiren cucumber da ake nomawa a filin yawanci suna farawa azaman iri kuma ana dasa su da injina ko da hannu.
- Yawancin ayyukan kasuwanci suna horar da shuke-shuke don yin girma akan sanduna ko trellis don kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen da aka dakatar. Ana amfani da tsarin horarwa da yawa don shuka trellis, amma tsarin laima shine ya fi kowa. A cikin tsarin alfarwa, ana cire duk rassan gefe kamar yadda suke bayyana har sai tushe ya kai tsayin daka. Sa'an nan kuma, ana barin shukar ta girma cikin 'yanci don mayar da hankali ga girma 'ya'yan itace maimakon tsayi.
- Wasu manoma suna shuka nau'ikan daji kuma suna barin 'ya'yan itacen su yada a ƙasa. Don ɗaukar hanyoyi daban-daban na girbi, Cucumbers na gona da aka shuka don sabbin kasuwanni ko yankan ana raba su da nisan inci 36-72 baya da inci 8-10 don pickles. Ba kamar Cucumbers masu girma a filin ba, Cucumbers na greenhouse yawanci ana kafa su azaman dashi.
- Tsiren Kokwamba na Greenhouse suna da manyan ganye kuma suna girma da ƙarfi. Kowace shuka tana da kusan ƙafa 5-7 na sarari kuma koyaushe ana girma akan trellis. Cucumbers suna buƙatar kulawa ta kusa da abubuwan gina jiki don kiyaye lafiya da haɓaka aiki.
Irin cucumber a Amurka
Mafi kyawun nau'in Cucumber a cikin Amurka sune Bristol, Dasher II, Dominator, General Lee, Intimidator, Mongoose, Python, Speedway, Stonewall, Talladega, Thunder, Suyo Long, da Tasty Green.
- YanzunTurbo (F1) (mai jure cututtuka da yawa), Kasuwa Moor 80 (mai jure cututtuka da yawa)
- Pickles: H-19 Ƙananan Leaf (cututtuka da yawa), Max Pack (Mai tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawa)
- Parthenocarpic: Diva (F1), Poniente (F1)
Idan kun rasa shi: Manyan Matakai 20 don Haɓaka Haɓakar Cucumber: Yadda ake Ƙara Girman Cucumber, inganci, da samarwa
Zaɓin wurin don noman Cucumber a Amurka
Ya kamata a shuka kokwamba a kan ƙasa tare da shigar ruwa mai kyau da ƙarfin riƙe danshi. Ƙasa bai kamata a haɗa shi ba kuma ya kamata ya sami pH na 5.8-6.6. Cucumbers suna da matukar damuwa ga sanyi, kuma tsire-tsire da 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya ji rauni ta wurin sanyi mai haske. Bugu da ƙari, cucumbers na buƙatar samar da danshi akai-akai a duk lokacin girma. Canje-canje a cikin danshi, musamman rashin ruwa na ƙasa, zai haifar da damuwa girma, rage yawan amfanin gona da inganci.
Ana iya shuka su a cikin gadaje masu tasowa tare da baƙar fata, shuɗi, ko azurfa filastik ciyawa, da drip ban ruwa za a iya amfani da ganiya shuka girma da kuma samar. Ana iya amfani da ban ruwa mai ɗigo don takin lokacin girma. Ana shuka pickles yawanci don sarrafawa kuma ba tare da gadaje masu tasowa da ciyawa ba.
Lokacin girma Cucumber a Amurka
Dangane da USDA (Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka), manyan jihohin da ke samar da Cucumber sune Georgia mai 283.5 da Florida mai fam miliyan 280.8. Cucumbers masu girma a filin a Kudancin Florida suna da lokutan girma uku. Lokacin kaka na Cucumber yana daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba, lokacin hunturu na Cucumber yana daga Nuwamba zuwa Disamba, lokacin bazara kuma yana daga Janairu zuwa Maris.
Cucumbers masu girma a Florida suna da lokacin girbi mai tsayi lokacin girma a cikin gona. Cucumbers masu girma a filin suna girma daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu da Agusta zuwa Satumba a Arewacin Florida. Lokacin dasa shuki a tsakiyar Florida shine Janairu zuwa Maris, da Satumba don lokacin bazara. Don kudancin Florida, ana iya fara dasa shuki kowane lokaci daga Satumba zuwa Afrilu. Aikin noman kore a Florida yawanci ana yin shi daga Satumba zuwa Yuni. Ana kaucewa dasa shuki a cikin greenhouses a lokacin bazara saboda zafi da zafi suna da yawa, yana rage yawan amfanin shuka.
Gudanar da ban ruwa
Tsarin ban ruwa yana da mahimmanci saboda dole ne a samar da matsakaicin girma da ruwa mai yawa ba tare da ambaliya ba kuma ya hana tushensa iskar oxygen. Trellis yana adana sararin samaniya kuma ana amfani dashi don ƙara yawan wurare dabam dabam na iska, yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin cututtuka. Har ila yau yana kare Cucumbers daga lalacewar danshin da ke haifar da kwanciya a ƙasa. Yawancin tsarin ban ruwa suna aiki da kyau ga Kokwamba noma.
Nau'in tsarin ban ruwa da ake amfani da shi yana dogara ne akan albarkatun ƙasa da fa'idodin farashi: drip, bazawa, da tsarin ban ruwa na saman da ake amfani da su tare da samar da ciyawa. Ruwan ruwa yana amfani da bututun filastik daban-daban don ɗaukar ƙananan kwararar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin matsin lamba zuwa tsire-tsire. Yin amfani da ƙarancin ruwa a tushen shuke-shuke yana kiyaye ma'auni na iska da ruwa a cikin ƙasa, yana ba da damar ci gaban shuka mafi kyau. Tsarin ban ruwa na sprinkler ya bambanta da sauran tsarin saboda suna shafa ruwa kai tsaye zuwa ƙasa ta iska.
Ana iya rarraba ruwa ta hanyar amfani da bututu ko yayyafa kai, a fesa cikin iska, da faɗuwa ƙasa kamar ruwan sama. Tsarin ban ruwa na saman yana rarraba ruwa ta hanyar kwararar ruwa a saman ƙasa. Kamar yadda wannan ya faru, ƙasa tana adana ruwa, kuma tsarin yana aiki a matsayin matsakaici don yaduwar ruwa da kutsawa. Wasu greenhouse Ana shayar da tsire-tsire na cucumber ta hanyar amfani da rufaffiyar hanyar ban ruwa da ake kira tsarin ban ruwa-zuwa-shara.
Yadda ake kula da amfanin gona na Cucumber
Mafi kyawun tip don kula da Cucumbers shine a shayar da su akai-akai. Cucumbers tsayin tsiro ne masu buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, musamman lokacin zafi a waje. Shayar da tsire-tsiren Cucumber ɗinku da sassafe don guje wa ƙura da ƙura. Da sanyin safiya ruwa yana ba da damar ruwa ya shiga cikin ƙasa kuma ya dasa tushen kafin rana ta ƙafe danshi. Yin amfani da filastik baƙar fata akan tudun wani babban ra'ayi ne don riƙe danshi, kuma na yau da kullun ciyawa ko'ina cikin kakar zai ci gaba da shuke-shuke Cucumber m da bunƙasa.
Yi ƙoƙarin ba da tsire-tsire na Cucumber aƙalla inci guda na ruwa a cikin mako kuma a ninka buƙatu lokacin da shuka ta fara samar da Cucumbers. Shayar da amfanin gona akai-akai zai sa Cucumbers su ɗanɗana ɗaci. Idan kuna son gwada ƙasa don ganin idan lokacin ruwa ya yi, ku manne yatsanka guda ɗaya cikin ƙasa. Tsiran ku suna da kyau idan ya ji damshi akan yatsan ku.
Matsalolin noman cucumber da sarrafa su a cikin Amurka
Ana amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin aikin noman Cucumber don taimakawa wajen rage tasirin kwari akan shuka. Yawancin kwari na iya kai hari kan Cucumbers, amma manyan kwari da ke ficewa a Florida sune tsutsa mai tsami, tsutsar kankana, da leaf whitefly. A cikin samar da Kokwamba a cikin greenhouse, mafi yawan kwaro shine whitefly.
Idan kun rasa shi: Noman Cucumber Hydroponic, Tsarin Shuka
Sauran kwari da ke shafar samarwa a waje da greenhouse sune arthropods irin su kankana thrips, masu haƙar ma'adinai na ganye, ƙwanƙwasa Cucumber, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, mites, kwari masu ƙamshi, tsutsotsin waya, ciyawa, leafhoppers, squash kwari, ɓangarorin inabi, da madauki. Wadannan kwari suna da matukar damuwa ga mai shuka, kamar Cucumber amfanin gona suna da ɗan haƙuri don lalacewar kwaro. Akwai nau'ikan ƙwaro guda shida na Cucumber beetles a cikin Amurka.
Ana samun uku daga cikin waɗannan ƙwaro na Cucumber a Florida. Ƙwaƙwalwar Cucumber mai banded ta asali ne a kudancin Florida. Ana samun ƙwanƙwasa kokwamba da ƙwanƙwaran ƙwaro a arewacin Florida. Ana yawan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don yaƙi kwayar cuta zagi. Dangane da kwayar cutar mosaic na squash, wanda kwari ke yadawa, da zarar shuka ya kamu da cutar, dole ne a cire shi, don kada ya cutar da wasu tsire-tsire. Bugu da kari, matakan kariya, kamar sako sarrafawa, ana iya ƙoƙarin gujewa kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wasu fasahohin na taimakawa rage yiwuwar cutar Cucumber. Masu sana'a na kasuwanci za su iya amfani da ƙwararrun iri marasa cuta kuma su kiyaye gonar da kewaye daga ciyawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da kwari waɗanda za su iya haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan girbi, masu noman ya kamata su cire tarkacen shuka da aka bari a baya a gonar saboda wasu cututtuka na iya rayuwa a kan tarkacen shuka. A ƙarshe, ma'auni mai mahimmanci a cikin shawo kan cuta shine juriya mai masaukin baki.
Glyphosphate wani maganin ciyawa ne wanda, idan Cucumbers ya shanye shi, yana haifar da lalacewa kamar launin ganye daga haske kore zuwa rawaya, ci gaba da ci gaba, da karkatar da sama. Magungunan fungicides sun fi amfani idan an shafa su kafin kamuwa da cuta kuma dole ne a sake shafa su bayan kwana biyar zuwa bakwai bayan kamuwa da cuta. Wasu kayan gwari Ana amfani da su Previcur Flex, Gavel, Tanos, da Ranman.
Lokacin girbin cucumber a Amurka
- Ya kamata a girbe cucumbers don dandano mafi kyau da rubutu lokacin da suke 1.25 zuwa 2 inci a diamita da 6-8 inci a tsayi, dangane da cultivar. Ana yin pollinated cucumbers a lokuta daban-daban, girbi na hannu da yawa ya zama dole don filin, yawanci kowace rana. Don tabbatar da tallace-tallacen samfur mai inganci, sanya Cucumbers ta amfani da girma da balaga da bincika su don lalacewar kwari.
- Yawanci ana girbe pickles ta na'ura kuma a ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da na'ura mai sarrafa kayan gida, kodayake akwai iyakataccen kasuwa don sabbin pickles.
- {Asar Amirka na girbi Cucumbers don dalilai na farko: pickling da sabobin talla. Kimanin gonaki 11,200 a jihohin arewa maso gabas sun samar da fiye da kadada 6,600 na Cucumbers. Ƙimar samarwa ga Amurka ta haura dala miliyan 410. Pennsylvania ta samar da kusan kadada 337 na Cucumbers, da farko don sabbin tallace-tallace.
- Ana girbe cucumbers a matakai daban-daban, tun daga matasa har zuwa girma, kafin tsaba su girma kuma suyi taurare. Wadanda aka girbe kafin iri balaga ana sayar da su babu iri. Ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen lokacin da aka kai tsayin ɗaki, siffar, da diamita kuma kafin furen ya zama rawaya a ƙarshen fure. Gabaɗaya, tsawon amfanin gona ana ƙaddara ta kasuwar manufa.
Kasuwancin Cucumber a Amurka
- Shigo da cucumber zuwa Amurka ya ƙaru a hankali cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata. Ya nuna cewa bukatar kasuwa tana karuwa, ko da yake bai kamata mu yi watsi da cewa Florida da Michigan, manyan jihohin da ake samarwa, sun sami mummunan yanayi ba. Wadannan munanan yanayi sun shafi samar da cikin gida kuma sun tilastawa Amurka kara shigo da kayayyaki.
- Akwai kuma gaskiyar cewa Mexico na amfani da greenhouses da macro tunnels yana nufin cewa ƙasar za ta iya samar da Cucumbers kusan kowace shekara, wata babbar fa'ida da manoman Mexico suka yi amfani da su sosai. Sakamakon haka, yanzu sune manyan masu samar da sabbin Cucumbers zuwa kasuwannin Amurka.
- Mexiko ita ce ta bakwai mafi yawan samar da Cucumbers kuma ita ce kan gaba wajen fitar da Cucumbers, wanda ya kai kashi 30 cikin ɗari na sabbin Cucumber ɗin da ake fitarwa a duniya. Amurka ce ke da kashi 36 cikin 1.6 na shigo da sabbin Cucumbers a duniya. Amurka na cinye metrik ton miliyan 636,000 na Cucumbers kowace shekara kuma tana samar da tan 60, wanda ya kai kusan ton miliyan daya na shigo da kaya da sama da kashi XNUMX na samar da Cucumber.
- Mexico tana fitar da kusan ton 800,000 na sabbin Cucumbers zuwa Amurka tsakanin Nuwamba da Mayu, yayin da Kanada ke fitar da ton 200,000 tsakanin Maris da Oktoba.
- Yawancin Cucumbers na Amurka ana shuka su ne a wuraren buɗe ido. Manoman Michigan sun kware wajen tsinken Cucumbers da aka girbe inji, yayin da masu noman a Florida, Jojiya, da North Carolina suka kware wajen tsince cucumbers da hannu.
- Fresh kasuwa Cucumbers yawanci ana samun su a Pennsylvania daga ƙarshen Yuni zuwa Nuwamba. A al'adance ana sayar da su a cikin akwatunan kwali mai nauyin fam 47 zuwa 55. Akwai hanyoyin tallace-tallace ga mai noman Cucumber kamar tallace-tallacen Jumla, samar da gwanjo, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, dillalai na gida, wuraren tsayawa a gefen titi, da ɗaukar ayyukan kanku. Lokacin shirya samarwa, la'akari da ikon ku na kasuwa da farko. Zai taimaka musamman idan kun yi bincike na kasuwa saboda yawancin masu noman suna kintata ikon siyar da su a kasuwar da aka bayar. Samar da kasa da kadada ɗaya na kayan lambu ya zama ruwan dare ga yawancin manoma.
- A cikin tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace, masu kera suna yin kwangila tare da masu jigilar kaya zuwa kasuwa da jigilar Cucumbers akan farashin da aka ƙayyade. Idan ba ku yi amfani da ɗan kwangila ba kuma ku jigilar Cucumbers ɗin ku zuwa kasuwan siyarwa, samfurin ku zai kasance ƙarƙashin mafi yawan canjin farashi. Ana gudanar da gwanjojin samarwa kowane mako. Koyaya, zai taimaka idan kun isar da Cucumbers zuwa gwanjo. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar tallace-tallace yawanci suna amfani da haɗe-haɗen farashi da farashi na yau da kullun, wanda ke yada hauhawar farashin a duk masu samarwa da ke shiga. Dillalan gida wata kasuwa ce mai yuwuwa, amma dole ne ku ɗauki lokaci don tuntuɓar manajan samarwa kuma ku samar da Cucumbers masu inganci lokacin da shagunan ke buƙatar su. Ya danganta da girman wurin da kuke girma, na'urori na iya zama ko a'a zaɓin tallace-tallace. Masu sarrafawa ba su da yuwuwar yin kwangila tare da ƙananan masu noman gonaki (kasa da kadada 5).
Yawan amfanin cucumber a Amurka
Jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa da ake sa ran ya dogara kai tsaye a kan girbi lokaci. Yawan amfanin cucumber ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 3 fam na 'ya'yan itace a kowane mako yayin lokacin girbi mafi girma. Lokacin girbi na yau da kullun na kimanin makonni 12 a cikin ingantaccen amfanin gona zai iya samar da fam 20-25 na 'ya'yan itace kowace shuka. Babban yanayin zafi na iya haifar da canza launin da dacin ƴaƴan itace masu haske a cikin nau'ikan Cucumber masu faɗi. Cucumbers za su yi girma a kusan kowace ƙasa mai kyau. Kyakkyawan girbi na Cucumber a Oklahoma yana haifar da bushes 300 a kowace kadada, kodayake akwai yuwuwa da yawa.
Idan kun rasa shi: Noman Cucumber Organic A Greenhouse
Tambayoyi akai-akai game da noman Cucumber a Amurka
A ina aka fi girma Cucumbers a Amurka?
Florida ita ce kan gaba wajen kera kowane irin cucumbers. A lokaci guda kuma, Michigan ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da nau'ikan Cucumber a jihar waɗanda suka fi dacewa da tsinke. Akwai nau'ikan Cucumber da yawa don samar da kayan zaki fiye da duk sabbin kasuwanni da aka haɗa.
Daga ina Amurka ke samun Cucumbers?
A zamanin yau, Cucumbers ana shuka su ne don sabo (yanka) da kuma tsintsaye ( pickling ) amfanin gona. Florida da Jojiya ne ke jagorantar sabbin kayan amfanin gona, kodayake Amurka tana shigo da adadi mai yawa daga Mexico, tare da ƙaramin adadin daga Kanada, Honduras, da Jamhuriyar Dominican.
Shin noman cucumber yana da fa'ida?
Noman cucumber na iya samun riba sosai idan aka yi daidai.
Nawa ne kudin Cucumber a Amurka?
Kila na Cucumbers a Amurka kusan dalar Amurka 1.94 ne a Washington da New York, cike da shirye don bayarwa.
Idan kun rasa shi: Noman Cucumber a Polyhouse (Kheera) don Riba
Sau nawa ya kamata a shayar da Cucumbers?
Ka ba su cikakken rana da ɗakin da za su yi girma, da horar da su a kan shinge ko shinge. Cucumbers suna yin mafi kyau tare da ruwa na yau da kullun, zurfin ruwa sau ɗaya a mako kuma mafi akai-akai idan yanayin yana da zafi sosai na ƴan kwanaki. Rashin isasshen ko rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da 'ya'yan itace mara kyau ko mara kyau.
Kokwamba yana da riba?
Noman cucumber yana da fa'ida idan kun sami kulawa da kulawa da kyau a cikin gonar Cucumber.
Wanne taki ya fi dacewa ga Cucumbers?
Tsire-tsire na cucumber suna buƙatar matsakaiciyar nitrogen da babban phosphorus da potassium, don haka an Organic Abincin shuka da lambar farko ya yi ƙasa da na ƙarshe (kamar 3-4-6).
Menene sirrin girma Cucumbers?
Cucumbers za su yi girma da sauri tare da ɗan kulawa. Tsiren cucumber suna samun inci guda na ruwa kowane mako. Yi iya ƙoƙarinku don shuka abincinku ta hanyar ciyar da tsire-tsire akai-akai masu narkewar ruwa na gina jiki.
Shin Cucumbers suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa don girma?
Babban abin da ake bukata na kula da Cucumber shine shayarwa akai-akai. Yana buƙatar aƙalla inci guda na ruwa a kowane mako (ko fiye idan yanayin zafi ya yi zafi). Rashin daidaituwar ruwa yana kaiwa ga 'ya'yan itace masu ɗaci.
Me yasa Cucumbers na ke bushewa kuma suna mutuwa?
Cucumbers za su bushe kuma su mutu lokacin da ƙasa ko yanayin iska suka yi sanyi sosai don son su. A cewar Jami'ar Minnesota, Cucumbers suna fara bushewa kuma suna yin launin ruwan kasa lokacin da yanayin ƙasa ya ragu.
Wadanne cututtuka ne suka fi kamuwa da Cucumbers?
Tabo ganyen angular, bakteriya wilt, Phytophthora kambi, tushen rot, da powdery mildew sune mahimman cututtukan Cucumber. Lokacin faruwar waɗannan cututtuka, tsanani, da asara da ke haifarwa sun bambanta ta yankin yanki.
Idan kun rasa shi: Ribar Noman Cucumber, Farashin Noma, Rahoton Aikin
Menene Cucumbers da aka cika ruwa yayi kama?
Yellowing na ganyen shuka alama ce ta gama gari ta yawan ruwa. Lokacin da tushen ya zauna cikin ruwa, sun lalace kuma sun kasa sha na gina jiki. Lokacin da ganyen ya zama rawaya daga ruwa mai yawa, sukan zama tururuwa kuma suna raguwa kuma suna iya faduwa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, duba magudanar ruwa a kusa da gindin Cucumber kuma rage ruwan.
Me yasa ganyen kukumba na ke zama rawaya kuma yana mutuwa?
Yayin da Cucumbers da squash ke girma, za ku iya samun ganyen suna zama rawaya kuma suna mutuwa. Ita ce babbar alamar cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne game da tsire-tsire na Cucumber. Dalilin gama gari na launin rawaya shine cewa kuna da matsalar ruwa. Yana nufin ko dai kuna shayar da shukar ku da yawa ko kaɗan.
Yaya tsawon lokaci ake ɗauka don shuka Cucumbers?
Ya danganta da iri-iri, yanayin yanayi, abubuwan gina jiki, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, tsire-tsire na Cucumber suna ɗaukar kwanaki 55 zuwa 70 daga germination zuwa lokacin girbi.
Tushe: https://www.agrifarming.in