A cikin bazara na 2019, D. Medvedev ya rattaba hannu kan wata doka game da buƙatar yin rajistar jiragen sama masu nauyi daga 250 g zuwa 30 kg, bayanai kuma sun bayyana (a kan gidan yanar gizon hukuma) akan gyare-gyaren da ke ba da damar tashi sama da tsayin mita 150 kuma nesa da mutane - a nesa na mita 50.
Dokoki da ƙa'idoji akan motocin da ba a sarrafa su ba (UAVs)
Canje-canje ga doka akan UAVs kwanan watan Fabrairu 3, 2020 - Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta ranar Maris 19, 2022 No. 415 "A kan gyare-gyare ga Dokar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha ta ranar Mayu 25, 2019 No. 658" . Gwamnati ta yi gyaran fuska ga kudirin, yanzu mafi karancin nauyin tashi daga jirgin, wanda dole ne a yi rajista, bai kamata ya wuce kilogiram 0.15 ba, ko kuma 150 g. Ka tuna cewa a baya nauyin ya fara daga 250 g zuwa 30 kg. Dole ne a yi rajistar jirage masu nauyin kilogiram 250 zuwa 30 kamar yadda doka ta tanada. Tun daga ranar 19 ga Maris, 2022, 'yan ƙasa da masu mallakar jirage marasa matuki masu nauyin sama da 150g suna da kwanaki 60 don yin rijistar na'urarsu.
Canje-canje ga doka akan UAVs kwanan watan Fabrairu 3, 2020 - zuwa Dokokin Tarayya don Amfani da sararin samaniyar Tarayyar Rasha. Gyara wanda, a zahiri, yana ba ku damar tashi quadrocopters da sauran samfuran jirgin sama ba tare da ƙaddamar da tsarin jirgin ba, yayin da tsayin da ba zai wuce mita 150 ba.
Daga 29 ga Disamba, 2020, masu mallakar jiragen sama marasa matuki na iya karɓar sabis na rajista na lantarki don jirage marasa matuki ta amfani da Haɗin kai Portal Services Portal ko Portal Rajistan Jirgin Sama mara matuki.
An sabunta sabon bayani kan dokar UAV a ranar 22 ga Maris, 2021.
Canje-canje ga doka akan UAVs kwanan watan Fabrairu 3, 2020 - zuwa Dokokin Tarayya don Amfani da sararin samaniyar Tarayyar Rasha. Samun izini don jiragen UAV ta hanyar MFC (sabunta daga 04/05/21). Motocin jirage marasa matuki za su iya tashi sama da tsayin mita 150 ba tare da samun izini ba a Tsarin Gudanar da zirga-zirgar Jiragen Sama. An bayyana wannan a cikin daftarin ƙuduri na Ma'aikatar Sufuri, wanda aka buga a kan tashar tarayya na daftarin ayyukan doka. Daftarin ya jaddada alhakin hana karon jirage marasa matuka da jiragen sama da wasu abubuwa a cikin iska, da kuma karo da cikas a kasa, ya rataya ne a kan matukin jirgin na waje.
Don tashi jirgin sama mara matuki, dole ne a gabatar da shirin jirgin zuwa cibiyar yanki na Tsarin Gudanar da zirga-zirgar Jiragen Sama na Tarayyar Rasha don samun izinin amfani da sararin samaniya.
Don jiragen UAV a kan ƙauyuka, wajibi ne a sami izini daga karamar hukuma na irin wannan sulhu (ban da jiragen UAV tare da matsakaicin nauyin nauyin kasa da 0.25 kg).
Hakanan akwai sauƙaƙan hanya don jirage marasa matuƙa tare da matsakaicin nauyin tashi sama da kilogiram 30 yayin da ake gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na gani da aka yi a cikin layin gani a cikin sa'o'in hasken rana da kuma tsayin ƙasa da m 150 daga ƙasa ko saman ruwa.
Amma dole ne a yi la'akari da iyakoki da dama. Ana iya gudanar da jirage kawai:
a) a waje da yankunan kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na jiragen sama, yankunan aerodromes (heliports) na jihohi da na gwaji na jirgin sama, yankunan da aka ƙayyade, yankunan ƙuntata jirgin sama, yankuna na musamman, sararin samaniya a kan wuraren da ake gudanar da al'amuran jama'a, gasar wasanni na hukuma, da kuma matakan tsaro da aka ɗauka. fita daidai da dokar tarayya "A kan Kariyar Jiha";
b) a nesa na akalla kilomita 5 daga wuraren sarrafawa na filayen jiragen sama marasa sarrafawa da wuraren saukarwa.
Drone vs Quadcopter - Menene bambanci?
Drone, quadcopter, jirgin sama mara matuki, UAV - da zaran ba su kira motocin marasa matuki ba. Wannan shine mafi girman ra'ayi, don haka bari mu fara da shi. Jirgin mara matuki abin hawa ne mara matuki, amma ba lallai ba ne mai tashi. Maimakon sukurori, yana iya samun ƙafafu, kuma akwai manyan dalilai masu yawa don jirage marasa matuƙa. Kalmar drone kanta an fassara ta daga Turanci a matsayin "drone". Yanzu ya riga ya yi wuya a tantance wanda ya fara kiran motocin marasa matuki ta wannan hanya, an san cewa an riga an yi amfani da kalmar sosai a tsakiyar karni na karshe.
Idan muka yi magana game da bambanci tsakanin drone da quadrocopter, zai zama mafi daidai a ce ana iya haɗa ra'ayi ɗaya a cikin wani. Wato, jirgin mara matuki shine “Phantom” da muka saba da shi, da kuma wani nau’in injin tsabtace mutum-mutumi.
A lokaci guda kuma, wasu majiyoyi suna da'awar cewa daidai ne a kira kowace na'ura ba tare da sarrafa jirgin mara matuki ba. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama cewa ko da mota na yau da kullum na iya zama maras nauyi, kawai mutum ya sanya bulo a kan fedar gas kuma ya aika da ita a cikin tafiya ba tare da direba ba. Bayani mai ban sha'awa, don haka muna ba ku shawara cewa kada ku damu da su, saboda mafi yawan lokuta har yanzu suna nufin na'urorin da aka tsara don aiki ba tare da matukin jirgi ko direba ba.
Drone gajere ne don "abin hawa mara matuki". Ba kamar kalmar da ta gabata ba, wannan gajarta tana nufin jirgin sama daidai. A haƙiƙa, yana nufin "motar da ba ta da matuƙa". Wannan har yanzu ya haɗa da motocin rotary da muka sani, amma banda su, sauran jirage marasa matuƙa da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta da juna kuma ana iya kiran su da wannan kalmar. Bari mu dan kalli wasu daga cikinsu.
– Tare da kafaffen reshe. Ba su da rotors kuma suna kama da ƙananan jiragen sama daga waje.
- Rotary UAVs. Drones, wanda dole ne suna da rotors, tare da taimakon abin da ake gudanar da jirgin.
- Masu canzawa. Suna tashi kamar jirage masu saukar ungulu, amma sai su tashi kamar jiragen sama, suna dogara da fikafikai.
- Gliders. Suna iya zama ko dai tare da ko ba tare da injin ba, suna shirya ta iska.
- Jirage marasa matuki. Waya, ba a sarrafa baturi ba.
Ganin cewa kowace rana ƙirƙira ƙarin sabbin samfura, ana iya sake cika wannan jerin har abada. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, quadcopter rotary UAV ne (wanda, bi da bi, drone ne). Kuma tare da wannan ra'ayi ne yawanci rudani ke faruwa. Gaskiyar ita ce, quadrocopter drone ne wanda ke da rotors 4 daidai, kuma ba daidai ba ne a kira kowace na'ura ta haka. Sunan Quadcopters ne bayan adadin masu tallatawa:
triopter - 3 propellers;
- quadcopter - 4 propellers;
hexacopter - 6 propellers;
Octocopter - 8 propellers.
Ana kiran Quadcopters na'urori kawai saboda wannan shine mafi yawan samfuri. Saboda haka kuskure. Ana kiran duk na'urorin nau'in rotary multicopters. Wato, quadcopters da jirage masu saukar ungulu tare da adadi daban-daban na propellers suna cikin wannan ra'ayi. Idan kuna son yin magana game da UAV mai jujjuyawa ba tare da ƙayyadadden ƙira ba, zai zama mafi daidai a kira shi kawai “multicopter” ko kuma kawai “copter”.
Ma'auni da halaye na jiragen sama marasa matuƙa na aikin gona
Drone don kare amfanin gona AGR A22. 22 l tankin ruwa (mai haɗawa). Cikakken ginanniyar firikwensin matakin ruwa na maganadisu, martani na ainihi akan amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Fitar ruwa mara buroshi huɗu. Daidai yana sarrafa ƙarar feshi tare da matsakaicin ƙimar lita 8 a minti daya. Nau'in T mai tasiri mai nisa. Bututun taimako na matsin lamba na iya zuwa mita 8 kuma ƙarfin shine 4-14 ha / awa. Daidaitaccen kaucewa cikas, mafi kyawun kariya don aminci. A22 RTK allon nesa na baya. Sauƙaƙen aiki, hoto mai tsayayye, mai sauƙin daidaitawa mai sauƙin amfani, har zuwa tsawon sa'o'i 8 na baturi. Ingantacciyar caji, tsawon rayuwar batir. Cajin baturi mai sauri mai hankali, saurin caji cikin mintuna 20.
Drone U16L-4 don noma. U16L-4 an yi shi ne don feshin iska, wanda zai iya ƙara yawan amfanin gonaki da tsiro ta hanyar maganin kwari ba tare da lalata amfanin gona ba, kuma yana ƙara kuzarin amfanin gona sosai. An ƙera U16L-4 don ceton fiye da rabin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, rage farashin samarwa, da kuma rage yawan lokacin da ma'aikata ke fuskantar magungunan kashe qwari, don haka tabbatar da amincin rayuwar ma'aikata.
abũbuwan amfãni:
- ya dace don ɗauka (mai nadawa);
- daidaitaccen iko (cikakken ko Semi-atomatik, dawowar mara sarrafawa);
- abin dogara (da iska, ruwan sama, ƙura), amo-resistant;
- yin amfani da injunan lantarki mara amfani da masana'antu, juriya ga yawan zafin jiki, lalata;
- Jirgin sama na atomatik, kawai kuna buƙatar canza baturin taimako;
- Nisan aiki ya tashi daga mita ɗari da yawa zuwa kilomita da yawa, yanayin aiki ya haɗa da sarrafa hannu, sarrafawa ta atomatik da sarrafa shirye-shiryen kwamfuta.
Agras-T30 don aikin noma. Agras-T30 yana da ikon yada iri, busassun takin zamani da tsire-tsire masu feshi. Jirgin dai na dauke ne da na'urar sarrafa kwamfuta mai dauke da allon inci 5.5 da kuma manhajojin da aka kera musamman na jiragen noma. Mai sarrafawa ɗaya na iya sarrafa jirage marasa matuki har guda uku.
Yana da tanki mai nauyin lita 30 kuma an sanye shi da nozzles 16. Baya ga tankin fesa, T30 za a iya sanye shi da mai yaduwa lita 40 don tsaba, busassun takin zamani ko kwari. Don jirgin sama mai sarrafa kansa, T30 yana amfani da tsarin GPS na RTK tare da daidaiton matsayi na centimita, lidar sararin samaniya don guje wa cikas, kyamarori FPV a gaba da baya.
Yawan aikin jirgin mara matuki a lokacin da ake feshi ya kai hekta 16.2 a awa daya. Fasa diamita - 9 mita. Ayyukan nozzles na iya kaiwa ƙarfin 8 lita a minti daya. An tsara ƙarfin samar da mafita ta hanyar bawuloli 8 na solenoid. Jirgin mara matukin jirgi ya gano sauran kayan da ke cikin tankin a ainihin lokacin kuma ya dawo kai tsaye don mai.
Tsarin busassun bushewa da tsarin yada iri yana da adadin ciyarwa har zuwa kilogiram 50 a cikin minti daya, nisa mai yaduwa har zuwa mita 7 da karfin har zuwa ton 1 a awa daya. Wannan tsarin kuma yana goyan bayan sa ido kan nauyi na ainihi kuma yana da firikwensin juyawa don samar da ƙarin faɗakarwar cikawa.
Biyu da katako da aka shigar da nozzles na iya tashi zuwa wani kusurwa, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar ƙananan ɓangaren tsire-tsire lokacin fesa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin tashi tsakanin gonakin inabi da gonakin inabi.
Tare da taimakon lidar na omnidirectional da kyamarori biyu, jirgin mara matuki yana bin filin yana maimaita shi a tsayin daka sama da tsire-tsire. Hasken Lidar da LED na kyamara suna ba ku damar yin aiki da dare. Tsarin radar mai siffar zobe yana gane cikas da kewaye a duk yanayin yanayi da kusurwoyin kallo, ba tare da la'akari da kasancewar kura da tsangwama ba. Nisantar karo ta atomatik da fasalulluka na jirgin sama suna taimakawa kiyaye ku yayin da kuke aiki.
Adadin tabbacin zagayowar cajin baturi shine 1000. Lokacin cajin shine mintuna 10. Baturin baya tsoron zafi fiye da kima, saboda haka zaka iya fara caji nan da nan bayan maye gurbinsa. Don ci gaba
batura biyu masu karfin 29,000mAh sun wadatar.
Jirgin yana da kariya ta IP67, baya jin tsoron ƙura, danshi da magungunan kashe qwari.
Dacewar matsalar amfani da UAVs
Sarrafa kan dashen noma a halin yanzu ya wuce shakku. Amma sau da yawa daga jirgin sama ba shi yiwuwa a tantance cikakken yanayin halin da ake ciki a cikin filayen. Saboda haka, don hanzarta wannan tsari, ya zama dole a yi amfani da daukar hoto na iska. A cikin aikin noma, ana amfani da ƙananan jiragen sama na al'ada don wannan (a cikin Rasha - jirgin sama na nau'in AN-2), wanda yake da tsada sosai kuma sau da yawa fiye da isa ga kananan masana'antun noma. Don haka, a kasashe da dama, ana amfani da jiragen marasa matuka (UAVs) wajen sarrafa filayen noma, wadanda farashinsu, ta fuskar tattalin arziki, ya ninka duk wani jirgin sama mai rahusa.
Manoma a duk duniya suna binciko yuwuwar amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuki wajen aikin gona. Muna magana ne game da wasu nau'ikan sufuri na takin zamani, da kuma lura da wuraren kiwo don adadi da ingancin biomass. Jiragen sama marasa matuki suna kara yin tasiri a harkar noma. Hotunan sararin sama, ko fiye da haka, shirin daukar hoto na iska, ana yin su ta amfani da jirgi mara matuki tare da kyamarar da ke harba a bayyane da kewayon zafi.
Me yasa amfani da UAVs yake da mahimmanci ga noma? Domin harkar noma ba tare da ɗimbin bayanai masu inganci ya koma babbar matsala ba. Kimanin rabin abubuwan da ake amfani da su don amfanin gona (daga ruwa zuwa magungunan kashe qwari, fungicides da herbicides) ba su da amfani kawai, saboda ana kashe su da yawa fiye da yadda ya kamata, ko kuma ba a wurin da ya dace, misali, a cikin ramuka tsakanin. kuma ba karkashin shuke-shuke da kansu . Sakamakon irin wannan yanayin zai iya zama mafi muni, har zuwa asarar amfanin gona gaba daya.
Da zarar noma ya iya sarrafa abin da ke faruwa ga kowace shuka, zai yiwu a yi amfani da sinadarai daidai. A cikin ƙananan gonaki, manoma kuma za su iya sarrafa su da hannu, amma yankin da aka shuka ba koyaushe yana barin yin hakan cikin sauri ba. Yawancin tantancewar da aka yi a irin waɗannan lokuta ana yin su ne a ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙungiyar kwararru da ke ziyartar filayen. Daga cikin jirgin ba zai yiwu a tantance cikakken girman abin da ya faru ba. Don haka, don hanzarta wannan tsari, ya zama dole a yi amfani da daukar hoto na iska, ciki har da mutummutumi masu tashi - jiragen sama marasa matuki. Manoma za su yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da fungicides ne kawai a inda ake buƙatar su da gaske kuma a cikin ƙananan adadi; ta haka ne za a kare gurbacewar abinci da muhalli da sinadarai, sannan kuma za a samu ceton kudi. Irin wannan lahani a lokacin shuka, kamar tabo, mutuwar amfanin gona bayan fari ko ambaliya, da sauran abubuwan, suna buƙatar kulawa da aiki, wanda za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar daukar hoto mara matuki.
Yin amfani da UAVs a cikin aikin noma yana ba da damar: ƙirƙirar taswirar filayen lantarki; lissafin filayen noma; kimanta girman aikin da lura da aiwatar da su; gudanar da aikin sa ido kan yanayin amfanin gona; ƙayyade ma'aunin NDVI (ma'auni na ciyayi); tantance germination na amfanin gona; tsinkaya yawan amfanin gona; duba ingancin noma; gudanar da lura da muhalli na filayen noma.
ayyuka
- Ingantaccen aiki na sa'a - 16.2 kadada.
- Madaidaicin madaidaicin mita mita - tashar wutar lantarki ta tashar tashoshi biyu tare da kuskuren ± 2%.
- Sensor Level - Na'urar firikwensin matakin ci gaba (tare da gano kayan aikin kashe kwari na ainihi da tsinkayar ma'anar cikawa).
- Matsakaicin kwararar ruwa shine 7.2-8 l/min.
Dacewar matsalar amfani da UAVs
Sarrafa kan dashen noma a halin yanzu ya wuce shakku. Amma sau da yawa daga jirgin sama ba shi yiwuwa a tantance cikakken yanayin halin da ake ciki a cikin filayen. Saboda haka, don hanzarta wannan tsari, ya zama dole a yi amfani da daukar hoto na iska. A cikin aikin noma, ana amfani da ƙananan jiragen sama na al'ada don wannan (a cikin Rasha - jirgin sama na nau'in AN-2), wanda yake da tsada sosai kuma sau da yawa fiye da isa ga kananan masana'antun noma. Don haka, a kasashe da dama, ana amfani da jiragen marasa matuka (UAVs) wajen sarrafa filayen noma, wadanda farashinsu, ta fuskar tattalin arziki, ya ninka duk wani jirgin sama mai rahusa.
Manoma a duk duniya suna binciko yuwuwar amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuki wajen aikin gona. Muna magana ne game da wasu nau'ikan sufuri na takin zamani, da kuma lura da wuraren kiwo don adadi da ingancin biomass. Jiragen sama marasa matuki suna kara yin tasiri a harkar noma. Hotunan sararin sama, ko fiye da haka, shirin daukar hoto na iska, ana yin su ta amfani da jirgi mara matuki tare da kyamarar da ke harba a bayyane da kewayon zafi.
Me yasa amfani da UAVs yake da mahimmanci ga noma? Domin harkar noma ba tare da ɗimbin bayanai masu inganci ya koma babbar matsala ba. Kimanin rabin abubuwan da ake amfani da su don amfanin gona (daga ruwa zuwa magungunan kashe qwari, fungicides da herbicides) ba su da amfani kawai, saboda ana kashe su da yawa fiye da yadda ya kamata, ko kuma ba a wurin da ya dace, misali, a cikin ramuka tsakanin. kuma ba karkashin shuke-shuke da kansu . Sakamakon irin wannan yanayin zai iya zama mafi muni, har zuwa asarar amfanin gona gaba daya.
Da zarar noma ya iya sarrafa abin da ke faruwa ga kowace shuka, zai yiwu a yi amfani da sinadarai daidai. A cikin ƙananan gonaki, manoma kuma za su iya sarrafa su da hannu, amma yankin da aka shuka ba koyaushe yana barin yin hakan cikin sauri ba. Yawancin tantancewar da aka yi a irin waɗannan lokuta ana yin su ne a ƙasa tare da taimakon ƙungiyar kwararru da ke ziyartar filayen. Daga cikin jirgin ba zai yiwu a tantance cikakken girman abin da ya faru ba. Don haka, don hanzarta wannan tsari, ya zama dole a yi amfani da daukar hoto na iska, ciki har da mutummutumi masu tashi - jiragen sama marasa matuki. Manoma za su yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da fungicides ne kawai a inda ake buƙatar su da gaske kuma a cikin ƙananan adadi; ta haka ne za a kare gurbacewar abinci da muhalli da sinadarai, sannan kuma za a samu ceton kudi. Irin wannan lahani a lokacin shuka, kamar tabo, mutuwar amfanin gona bayan fari ko ambaliya, da sauran abubuwan, suna buƙatar kulawa da aiki, wanda za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar daukar hoto mara matuki.
Yin amfani da UAVs a cikin aikin noma yana ba da damar: ƙirƙirar taswirar filayen lantarki; lissafin filayen noma; kimanta girman aikin da lura da aiwatar da su; gudanar da aikin sa ido kan yanayin amfanin gona; ƙayyade ma'aunin NDVI (ma'auni na ciyayi); tantance germination na amfanin gona; tsinkaya yawan amfanin gona; duba ingancin noma; gudanar da lura da muhalli na filayen noma.
An ƙaddamar da UAV mai ɗaukar hoto na iska, yana tashi kuma ya sauka cikin yanayin atomatik (a kan autopilot) tare da lodin hanya. UAV, yana tashi tare da hanyar da aka riga aka tsara, yana yin binciken dijital na yankin. Sakamakon binciken shine hotuna masu tsayi a wuraren da aka tsara bisa ga haɗin gwiwar GPS. Bayan kammala hanyar daukar hoto ta iska, UAV ta sauka a daidai lokacin da ta tashi. Ga kowane hoto, ana samun cikakken saitin bayanan dijital, masu daidaitawa na cibiyar bayanai na tsakiya don canja wuri da amfani a cikin tsarin al'ada (misali, ArcView ko MapInfo). Don haka, duk hotuna an daidaita su kuma ana iya dinke su cikin babban filin orthomosaic guda ɗaya.
Hotunan iska daga UAVs na iya maye gurbin babban hoton tauraron dan adam don aikin noma. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ingantaccen noma sosai a harkar noma. Ya dogara ne akan sabon ra'ayi game da aikin noma, wanda filin noma, mai ban sha'awa a cikin taimako, abubuwan gina jiki na agrochemical, yana buƙatar amfani da su a kowane wuri na fasahar noma mafi inganci.
UAVs don aikin gona na iya magance matsaloli da yawa cikin sauri da rahusa fiye da tauraron dan adam. Wannan yana nufin cewa aiwatar da aiki akan lokaci, harbi a rana ɗaya zai taimaka wajen ɗaukar matakan gaggawa kan batutuwan da suka fi dacewa. Kuma a lokaci guda, canje-canje a cikin halin da ake ciki a kan lokaci ma za a nuna su da sauri.
Manufar binciken aikin gona shine a nunawa manoma abin da ba za su iya gani ba daga sama, kuma tsarin lokaci yana da mahimmanci musamman a wannan yanayin. Lokacin gudanar da binciken sararin samaniya na yau da kullun ko sau ɗaya a mako tare da sarrafa su a cikin software na musamman, yana yiwuwa a gano yanayin sauye-sauye a cikin fage guda, kuma waɗannan bayanan za a iya danganta su daidai da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Bugu da kari, bayanan daukar hoto na iska na iya zama kayan aikin talla. Wasu kamfanonin iri suna ba da hotunan amfanin gona kyauta a matsayin wani ɓangare na siyarwa. A lokaci guda, bayanan binciken aikin gona ya fi jagora kawai ga shuka sa ido. Kula da shukar ta hanyar amfani da hotuna na iya haifar da bambanci mai inganci wajen lura da ayyukan noma, da taimakawa wajen hana tsadar takin zamani da ruwa, kuma wasu masu amfani da kayan marmari sun fi son biyan kari kan kayayyakin da ake nomawa ta amfani da daukar hoto, ta haka ne suka fi son noma mai dorewa. kuma sun dogara ga noman kwayoyin halitta.
karshe
- Amfani da jirage marasa matuki na tabbatar da lura da shuke-shuke a lokacin girma da kuma saurin gano amfanin gona da ke buƙatar hadi cikin gaggawa.
- Tare da taimakon bayanan da aka samu ta jiragen sama marasa matuki, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da injinan noma da raka'a da hankali ta hanyar haɗa taswirar filayen filayen lantarki.
- Drones suna ba da damar yin nazarin sakamakon shuka da sauri da ɗaukar matakan haɓaka aikin masu sarrafa injin, alal misali, inganta hanyoyin kayan aiki,
amfanin gona kariya. - Ana iya amfani da drone ba tare da la'akari da yanayin wuri ba.
UAV a matsayin tushen noma a nan gaba
Jiragen marasa matuka na noma wani sabon salo ne na bunkasa gonaki. UAVs suna da ikon gudanar da nau'ikan bincike daban-daban waɗanda ba su isa ga talaka ba. Tare da takamaiman nauyin kilogiram kaɗan kawai, jirage marasa matuƙa na aikin gona suna iya zama a cikin iska na dogon lokaci kuma suna duba wuraren da ke da girma a wannan lokacin.
Jiragen saman noma suna ba da damar ƙirƙirar taswirar filayen lantarki a cikin tsarin 3D, ƙididdige ma'aunin ciyayi) don takin amfanin gona yadda ya kamata, yin lissafin ayyukan ci gaba da kare filayen noma.
Bari mu yi la'akari dalla-dalla misalan ayyukan da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa za su iya yi.
– Analysis na yanayin ƙasa. Tare da taimakon kyamarori da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka sanya musamman akan UAVs, manoma suna nazarin yanayin ƙasa a wurare daban-daban kuma su tantance wanene cikinsu ya fi dacewa da shuka iri.
- Dasa tsaba. A halin yanzu akwai da yawa na farawa a kasuwa waɗanda ke ba da shuka tsire-tsire ta amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa na musamman waɗanda ke harba capsules iri a cikin ƙasa. Misalin irin wannan kamfani shi ne BioCarbon Engineering, wanda ya yi suna a cikin bazarar shekarar 2015 lokacin da ya bayyana shirin dashen itatuwa har biliyan 1 a shekara.
– Kula da yanayin amfanin gona. Yana da matukar muhimmanci manoma su gano kwari da ke kashe gonaki a kan lokaci domin daukar matakan da suka dace. An dade da sanin cewa alamun farko na lalacewa a cikin yanayin tsire-tsire suna bayyana a cikin canji a cikin chlorophyll.
Saboda haka, ta hanyar shigar da kyamarori masu infrared akan UAVs, manoma za su iya koyo a cikin lokaci mai dacewa game da farkon rashin nasarar amfanin gona. - sarrafa girbi. Wani yanki mai yuwuwar aikace-aikacen UAVs a cikin aikin noma shine fesa iri ɗaya na amfanin gona tare da magungunan kashe qwari da takin zamani. Tare da taimakon jirage marasa matuka, manoma za su iya gudanar da irin wannan aiki daga nesa.
– Hasashen Hasashen. Ana iya amfani da bayanan da aka tattara yayin sa ido don gina rahotannin nazari daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, za a yi amfani da UAV a matsayin dandalin tattara bayanai, yayin da babban aikin zai fada kan software na musamman wanda ke sarrafa bayanan da aka tattara. Yawancin masana har ma sun yi imanin cewa makomar UAVs na noma ya ta'allaka ne daidai a cikin wannan ƙirar ci gaba - na'urorin da kansu za su zama "ƙaddara", yayin da babban darajar kasuwa za ta kasance ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da za su iya yanke shawara mai kyau game da ci gaba da ci gaban gonaki. dangane da sakamakon software.
Binciken Kasuwa
A halin yanzu, kasuwa na UAVs na noma yana kan matakin farko na ci gaba. Duk da haka, masana sun yi imanin cewa noma zai zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan kasuwa na jiragen sama marasa matuka a nan gaba. Kasuwanni da Kasuwanni a cikin 2016 sun kiyasta kasuwar UAVs na noma akan dala miliyan 864.4, ana hasashen ci gaban shekara-shekara na 30% zuwa dala biliyan 4.2 nan da 2022. A cewar masana kasuwanni da kasuwanni, za a sauƙaƙe ci gaban kasuwa ta hanyar haɓaka sannu a hankali a cikin yanayin tsari. , wanda a yanzu ana lura da shi a kasashe daban-daban na duniya.
Hukumar bincike ta PWC ta yi kiyasin cewa a cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, kasuwar jiragen sama marasa matuka a fannin noma kadai (ba tare da hada da jirage marasa matuka ba) na iya kusan dala biliyan 32.4. Wannan ci gaban zai haifar da karuwar yawan jama'a a duniya don ciyar da kowa da kowa, ba tare da kirkire-kirkire a cikin masana'antar noma da ke ba da damar haɓaka yawan aiki ba, yana da mahimmanci.
Daga cikin kasashen da ake amfani da jirage marasa matuka na aikin gona a yanzu, ana iya ware Amurka, Sin, Japan, Brazil, kasashen EU, da dai sauransu DJI, Yamaha da sauransu. Masana sun lura cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu samar da noma sun fara nuna sha'awar yin amfani da UAVs. Musamman, kamfanin Amurka Raven, wanda ke rarraba jiragen saman AgEagle, kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da manyan masana'antun kayan aikin gona - Deere & Company da AGCO Corporation.
Jiragen yaki marasa matuka suna ci gaba a masana'antar noma da kuma a cikin kasarmu, duk da rashin ingantaccen tsari da ka'idojin doka.
- Doka akan quadcopter a cikin Tarayyar Rasha 2022. Ina bukatan yin rijistar quadcopter? 150 maimakon 250 grams. [Electronic albarkatun] // Profpv.ru: site. URL: https://
profpv.ru/zakon-o-bespilotnikah-v-rf-nuzhno-li-reg/ (an shiga 07/25/2022). - Drone da quadcopter - menene bambanci? [Electronic albarkatun] // Slysky.ru:
gidan yanar gizo. URL: https://slysky.ru/blog/between-dron-and-quadrocopter.html (An shiga 07/25/2022). - Jirgin ruwan noma DJI Agras T30. [Electronic albarkatun] // Paragraf.ru: site. URL:
https://www.paragraf.ru/product-page/agrodrone-dji-agras-t30 (date of access
07/25/2022). - Karaev VV, Nartikoeva LG Drones a cikin aikin gona.
[Electronic albarkatun] // Russiandrone.ru: site. URL: https://russiandrone.ru/
wallafe-wallafe/bespilotniki-v-selskom-khozyaystve_/ (an shiga 07/25/2022). - Sergeev K. Drones a cikin aikin noma. // tanadin albarkatu
noma. - Na 2. - 2013. - UAV a matsayin tushen noma a nan gaba. [Electronic albarkatun] // Rusdrone.ru: site. URL: https://rusdrone.ru/news/BPLAkakosnovazemlede
liyablizhayshegobudushchego/ (an shiga 07/25/2022). - Jirage marasa matuka a harkar noma. [Electronic albarkatun] // Tadviser.ru: site.
URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Labarai: Drones_in_agriculture
(samun dama ga 25.07.2022). - Ana amfani da jirage marasa matuka a filayen yankin Samara don magance ciyawa.
[Electronic albarkatun] // Agrarii.com: site. URL: https://agrarii.com/na-poljahsamarskoj-oblasti-ispolzujut-drony-dlja-borby-s-sornjakami/ (an shiga
07/25/2022). - Agricultural quadrocopters. [Electronic albarkatun] //
Rusgeocom.ru: shafin. URL: https://www.rusgeocom.ru/catalog/bespilotniki-dlyaselskogo-khoziajstva (An shiga 07/25/2022). - Jirage marasa matuka a harkar noma. [Electronic albarkatun] // Geomir.ru:
gidan yanar gizo. URL: https://www.geomir.ru/publikatsii/bespilotniki-v-selskom-khozyaystve/
(samun dama ga 25.07.2022).