Ingancin sabon yanke yana farawa a cikin filayen. Kuma wannan yana nufin zabar iri-iri masu dacewa.
Ashley Bell, mashawarcin fasaha na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Turai.
Duk da yake girman uniform, yawan amfanin ƙasa, ikon girbi na inji, ripening iri ɗaya da rage sharar gida suna da kyawawa ga duka kayan da aka yanke da kuma sabo, akwai wasu halaye musamman waɗanda ake buƙata don yankan sabo.
"Inda bambance-bambancen suka taso a cikin abubuwan da aka yanke bayan yanke irin su rayuwar rayuwa, canjin launi, rubutu, dandano da halaye masu hankali kamar zaki, acidity da ƙanshi," in ji Bell.
Salatin da aka yanke, musamman, dole ne ya kasance yana da karfin gani mai ƙarfi, wanda masu sarrafawa ke cimma ta hanyar haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan launuka daban-daban da sifofin ganye. Tsarin salatin kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Lokacin da aka ƙara croutons, riguna da toppings, za su iya rufe ɗanɗanon kayan lambu na salatin, don haka rubutu ya shigo cikin wasa, in ji Bell.
'Ya'yan itace da aka yanke, a daya bangaren, yawanci ana ci da kansu, don haka rubutu ba shi da mahimmanci. Maimakon haka, gaurayawan 'ya'yan itace sun dogara da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itacen.
"Tunda mutane 'suna cin abinci da idanunsu,' jan hankalin gani a cikin 'ya'yan itace da aka yanke shima yana da matukar muhimmanci," in ji Bell. "Amma sai dai in rubutu, dandano da ƙamshi suna da sha'awa, mabukaci ba zai iya sake siyan samfurin ba."
Cultivars sun bambanta da juna akan matakin kwayoyin halitta. Kuma bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta na iya zama mai nuna wariya ga halayen da suka fi dacewa ga mabukaci da/ko masu shuka, a cewar Nunhems, wani kamfanin iri na kayan lambu da ke Parma, Idaho. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen sun fito ne daga matsa lamba na mai shuka shuka a cikin takamaiman yanayin da za a shuka shuka a cikin sikelin samarwa.
Don nemo waɗannan nau'ikan, masu shayarwa dole ne su sami cikakkiyar fahimtar duk yanayin shukar da za a fallasa su - daga mai shuka zuwa marufi na ƙarshe, a cewar Nunhems. Masu kiwo kuma suna bukatar su san irin nau’in da ake da su a yanzu domin sanin abin da ya kamata a inganta.
Amma masu kiwo ba su yi shi kadai ba, masu sarrafawa da masu noma suna buƙatar yin aiki tare da juna da kuma masu kiwon. Masu shuka suna buƙatar sanin buƙatun mutum ɗaya na kowane iri-iri a wannan yanki mai girma. Kuma masu sarrafawa suna buƙatar sanin wane nau'in zai yi aiki mafi kyau ga abin da suke ƙoƙarin cimma tare da ƙãre samfurin. Kuma don yin aiki duka, masu noman suna buƙatar samun damar haɓaka wannan nau'in a wannan wurin. A ƙarshe, sadarwa shine mabuɗin.
"Masu sarrafawa suna buƙatar sadarwa a fili ga masu shuka abin da buƙatun su suke da kuma ba da amsa akai-akai don masu shuka su fahimci a fili abin da mafi mahimmancin al'amurra suke da kuma yadda za su iya yin aiki tare don magance kowace matsala da kuma samar da mafi kyawun kayayyaki," in ji Bell. "Yayin da mai sarrafa na'urar ke da hannu kai tsaye tare da ainihin ayyukan masu noma, ƙarin shigarwar (shi ko ita) na iya samun zaɓin takamaiman nau'ikan da suka dace da sabbin ayyukan yanke."
Yayin da sabon-yanke ke ci gaba da samun kaso na kasuwa a sashen samar da kayayyaki, sabbin masu sarrafa kayan aikin za su yi tasiri sosai kan masu shayarwa har zuwa takamaiman buƙatun sabbin kayan da aka yanke.
Domin idan aka yi amfani da nau'in da bai dace ba, zai iya haifar da samfurori na ƙasa.
"Yin amfani da 'ba daidai ba' ko mafi kyawun iri-iri na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako akan inganci da rayuwar shiryayye," in ji Bell. "Bambance-bambancen al'adu sun kasance a cikin numfashi wanda zai iya rinjayar marufi da gyare-gyaren yanayi, mai lahani ga lalacewar injiniya, yuwuwar launin ruwan kasa, dandano da laushi."
A cewar Nunhems, ƙarancin samar da filin, ƙarancin sarrafa aiki da ƙarancin ingancin mabukaci duk na iya tasowa daga zaɓar nau'in da bai dace ba don yankan sabo.
Ɗaukar ingantaccen cultivar dangane da launi, girman, siffar, dandano da wasu abubuwa da yawa a ƙarshe yana nufin mafi kyawun inganci da ƙarin tallace-tallace.
"Yin amfani da takamaiman iri-iri don sabon-yanke yana da damar da za a ba mai sarrafa kayan aiki a kan masu fafatawa a kasuwa," in ji Bell.
Yin La'akari da Wasu Abubuwa
Amma zaɓi iri-iri kawai ba zai tabbatar da ingancin samfurin ba. Balagawar samfur, ayyukan girbi da sarkar sanyi duk suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasarar sabon samfurin.
"Tafiyar kayan amfanin gona daga gona zuwa cokali mai yatsa shine sarkar kuma, saboda haka, yana da ƙarfi kawai kamar mafi ƙarancin hanyar haɗin gwiwa," in ji Bell. "Idan ba tare da ingantaccen cultivar da aka shuka kuma an sarrafa shi daidai ta hanyar tantance mafi kyawun lokacin girbi, ba za a sami ingantattun kayayyaki don girbi, sarrafawa da kunshin ba."
Wannan ana cewa, Bell ya ci gaba, yanayi a kasuwa da muhalli na iya samar da amfanin gona da ƙasa da ingantacciyar inganci.
"Sa'an nan mai sarrafawa dole ne ya yi aiki tare da abin da ke akwai, yana sassauta layin, daidaitawa sosai da daidaita tsammanin rayuwa," in ji ta.
Sauran abubuwan da suka zo cikin wasa sune kayan aiki. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da samfurin kayan aikin da aka yi da sabon kayan aiki. Ya kamata a gina kayan aiki don rage lalacewa. Hanyoyin yin wannan sun haɗa da amfani da tebur na shaker maimakon centrifuges don wasu kayan ganye, sauke tsayi, da yin amfani da wukake masu kaifi ko ruwan jet ruwa don rage lalacewa lokacin yanke, in ji Bell.
Da zarar an yanke samfuran, marufi yana yin duk bambanci. Akwai fasaha a yanzu wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan numfashi, wanda ke nufin cewa metabolism, samar da ethylene, samar da danshi da canza launi.
"Dole ne a daidaita marufi zuwa kayayyaki, yanke girman, gauraya da yawa kuma dole ne a yi aiki tare tare da sarrafa sarkar sanyi don yin tasiri," in ji Bell.
Samun Sanarwa
Akwai hanyoyin samun bayanai da yawa game da zaɓin cultivar don sabon-yanke. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zaɓi shine yin magana da kamfanonin iri da masu shayarwa. Sun fi sanin nau'ikan su, don haka za su iya ba da mafi yawan bayanai. Yawancin ofisoshi na Extension a jami'o'i daban-daban suna gudanar da bincike tare da sabbin kayan amfanin gona. Waɗannan masu binciken zasu iya magance batutuwan da suka shafi takamaiman wuraren girma da yanayi.
Sabis ɗin Binciken Aikin Noma na USDA kuma yana yin bincike game da sabbin nau'ikan da aka yanke. Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da wannan binciken a www.ars.usda.gov.