Tambayar da aka saba yi a wannan lokaci na shekara ita ce: “Na yi gwajin ƙasa na, kuma ya ce ina buƙatar ƙara wasu adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Ta yaya zan tantance takin da zan shafa kuma nawa?”
Ko kuna amfani da nau'in taki ko na roba, mahimman ra'ayoyi iri ɗaya ne don ƙididdige yawan taki don ƙarawa a filin. Kowane samfurin taki, ko abincin kashi ne, ko Sustane, urea, ko wani nau'in halitta ko na roba, yana ƙunshe da takamaiman abubuwan gina jiki. An jera waɗannan abubuwan tattarawa akan lakabin. Aikin ku shine yanke shawarar wane taki za ku yi amfani da shi, da nawa ne, dangane da burin gonar ku da yanayin ƙasa. Wannan labarin zai bayyana tsarin daki-daki kuma ya nuna ainihin ma'auni da ake bukata.
Idan kun riga kun yi wannan kuma kawai kuna buƙatar sabuntawa, ga matakan:
- Sanin yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa
- Ƙayyade yawan kowane nau'in gina jiki don ƙarawa, a cikin lbs/acre, tare da teburi a cikin jagorar sarrafa kayan abinci
- Yanke shawarar samfurin da za a yi amfani da su, dangane da adadin abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata
- Raba shawarwarin na gina jiki da ɗan ƙaramin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin taki (Na gina jiki lbs / 0.__ = lbs a kowace kadada na taki don amfani)
Da farko, san alamun taki: Takin da ke ɗauke da nitrogen, phosphorus (phosphate), da potassium (potash) sun lissafa waɗannan abubuwan da aka tattara a matsayin NPK akan alamar. Misali, taki mai lamba 8-2-4 (samfurin gama gari) shine 8% nitrogen (N), 2% phosphorus (P2O5) da 4% potassium (K2O). Takin ammonium phosphate mai lamba 16-20-0 ya ƙunshi 16% N, 20% P, da 0% K. Taki mai ɗauke da wani sinadari kamar calcium ko boron shima zai lissafta kaso na wannan sinadari akan alamar.
Don sauƙi, zan koma ga phosphate (P2O5) a matsayin P da potash (K2O) kamar K a cikin wannan labarin.
Na biyu, ƙayyade bukatun gina jiki na ƙasa: Ya kamata nau'in takin da za a yi amfani da shi ya dogara da yawan sinadirai na ƙasarku da amfanin gona da kuka shuka ko kuke son shuka. Misali, idan kasar ku ba ta da sinadarin phosphorus (P) amma ta riga ta cika da potassium (K), ya kamata ku zabi taki mai yawan P da kadan ko babu K, kamar abincin kashi 2-14-0. . Zai zama ƙasa da hikima a yi amfani da wani abu kamar taki 8-2-4 a wannan yanayin, saboda wannan ya ƙunshi ƙaramin P dangane da K da N.
Abubuwan amfanin gona daban-daban suna da buƙatun abinci daban-daban, waɗanda aka jera a cikin Gudanar da Gina Jiki don 'Ya'yan itace da Kayan lambu na Kasuwanci A cikin jagorar Minnesota. Don haka, idan kuna shuka amfanin gona da yawa a cikin gonaki ɗaya, yana iya zama dole a canza aikace-aikacen takin ku a cikin filin dangane da amfanin gona.
Samun gwajin ƙasa daga dakin gwaje-gwaje irin su Lab gwajin ƙasa na Jami'ar Minnesota yana ba ku damar sanin yawan abubuwan gina jiki na yanzu a cikin ƙasa da nawa yakamata ku ƙara. Rahoton gwajin ƙasa zai jera yawan abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasarku na yanzu a cikin Sassan Kowane Miliyan (ppm). Za'a iya canza sassan Kowane Miliyan cikin sauƙi zuwa fam a kowace kadada (lbs/acre). Wasu rahotanni kuma sun lissafa adadin lbs/acre na kowane sinadari don ƙarawa don cimma isassun matakan gina jiki don takamaiman amfanin gonakin ku. Wasu ba za su yi ba, don haka yana da kyau a san yadda ake yin wannan.
Na gaba, lissafta adadin kowane sinadari da ake buƙata: A lokuta inda gwajin ƙasa bai lissafa shawarwarin lb/acre ba, dole ne ku duba ko ƙididdige shi da kanku. Adadin abubuwan gina jiki da za a yi amfani da su ya dogara ne akan bambanci tsakanin nawa ne (an bayyana akan gwajin ƙasa) da mafi kyawun matakin gina jiki don amfanin gonar ku. \Don tantance adadin sinadirai da za a yi amfani da su dangane da gwajin ƙasa, zazzage kuma koma zuwa Gudanar da Gina Jiki don 'Ya'yan itace da Kayan lambu na Kasuwanci a Minnesota.
Wannan jagorar ya ɗauki wasu ayyukan daga ƙididdige bukatun abinci. Yana ba da jeri na tebur nawa na kowane babban macro na gina jiki, a cikin fam a kowace kadada (lbs/acre), yakamata a yi amfani da shi bisa sakamakon gwajin ƙasa. Yi amfani da wannan jagorar don yin aiki ta hanyar misali mai zuwa:tumatir Kara: Kara tana son shuka tumatir a gonarta mako mai zuwa. Gwajin ƙasa na Kara ya nuna cewa ƙasan filinta tana da ppm 10 na P bisa ga gwajin Olsen. Tana buƙatar sanin adadin P don ƙarawa don samun mafi kyawun matakan phosphorus na ƙasa don tumatir.
Juya zuwa Tebura 29 a shafi na 22 na jagorar sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki da aka haɗe a sama. Bisa ga wannan tebur, idan filin Kara ya ƙunshi 10 ppm na P (Olsen), ta kamata ƙara 100 lbs/acre na P Idan shuka tumatir.Na gaba, Kara ya sake duba gwajin ƙasa, kuma yana nuna cewa ƙasa ta ƙunshi 190 ppm na potassium (K). Dubi Tebur 30 akan Shafi na 23 na jagorar. Dangane da tebur, idan filin ya ƙunshi 190 ppm na K, 50 lbs/acre na K yakamata a shafa idan ana girma tumatir.
Bayan ta tantance adadin P da K nawa za ta nema, Kara tana buƙatar sanin nawa, idan akwai, nitrogen da za ta shafa a gonarta, don yanke shawarar wane takin NPK ya fi dacewa. Amma yawancin gwaje-gwajen ƙasa ba sa samar da adadin ppm na N. Maimakon haka, suna lissafin adadin kwayoyin halitta (% OM), wanda ke da alaƙa da bukatun ƙasa N. Ƙasar al'amuran halitta mafi girma gabaɗaya tana buƙatar ƙarancin abubuwan shigar N na shekara fiye da ƙasa mai yashi. Rahoton Kara ya nuna %OM na 6.9%.
Ana ɗaukar wannan babban. Yanzu duba Tebura 28 akan Shafi na 21 na jagorar. Ya ce don babban % OM ƙasa, 90 lbs/acre na N ya kamata a shafa don tumatir. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da shawarar amfani da rabin wannan N kafin shuka, da 1/2 bayan 'yan makonni bayan 'ya'yan itace ya bayyana. Don haka sai ta nema 45 lbs/acre na N a cikin bazara kafin dasa shuki.Don haka, Kara yakamata ya yi amfani da lbs/acre na N, 45 lbs/acre na P, da 100 lbs/acre na K.Sannan, yanke shawarar wane samfurin, da nawa, don amfani
Mataki na gaba shine tantance nau'in taki da za a yi amfani da shi, da nawa, bisa la'akari da ma'aunin NPK da ake bukata. Tare da ƙimar NPK da take buƙata (45 lbs/acre N, 100 lbs/acre P, da 50 lbs/acre K), wasu zaɓi masu kyau a gare ta zasu zama taki 4-8-4 ko 10-20-10 saboda suna wajen kula da waɗancan ma'auni.Kara manomi ce ta halitta, don haka ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da taki na 4-8-4. Amma ga taki na roba 10-20-10, ma'auni iri ɗaya za a yi amfani da su don tantance ƙimar aikace-aikacen.
Don ƙididdige yawan samfurin da za a nema: Raba adadin abubuwan gina jiki da aka ba da shawarar da kuka ƙididdigewa a baya da kashi na gina jiki (tushen kashi) a cikin taki. A cikin misalinmu, Kara zai raba shawarar P (100 lbs/acre) ta hanyar juzu'in P a cikin jaka (8% zai zama 0.08): Shawarar na gina jiki / % na gina jiki a cikin samfurin da aka bayyana azaman juzu'i = 100 / 0.08 = 1,250 lbsWannan yana nufin Kara zai buƙaci nema. 1,250 lbs/acre na taki 4-8-4 don biyan buƙatun phosphorus na amfanin gona da ƙasa.
Ita ma tana iya yin wannan lissafin na N da K. Duk da haka, tun da P shine mafi ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa a wannan lokacin, yana da amfani a lissafta shi bisa buƙatar P. 1,250 lbs/acre yana da adadin taki mai yawa zuwa nema. Idan Kara za ta iya amfani da taki mai yawan sinadirai, kamar 10-20-10, to sai kawai ta yi amfani da fam 500/acre na takin don biyan bukatun ƙasarta na P. Idan ana shafa taki a gona, hakan na iya rage yawan takin da za a shafa.
Duk da haka, yana da kyau a fara tantance yawan abubuwan gina jiki na taki, don ganin irin gudummawar da take bayarwa ga buƙatun abinci. Fara nan don samun ƙarin bayani kan aikace-aikacen taki.
Wata hanyar: Hakanan kuna iya zaɓar tantance ainihin adadin kowane nau'in abinci mai gina jiki a cikin wani nauyin da aka bayar na taki. Don yin wannan, a ninka kashi na gina jiki na kowane nau'in gina jiki da nauyin taki sannan a raba kashi 100.
Alal misali, don ƙayyade adadin ainihin nitrogen (N) a cikin jakar 50 lb na 4-8-4: 50 X 4/100 = 2 lb na N a cikin jakar 50 lb50 X 8/100 = 4 lbs na P50 X 4/100 = 2 lbs na KA wani misali daga shiryar: "Idan an yi amfani da 200 lb na 8-32-16 a kowace acre, to, jimillar abubuwan gina jiki da ake amfani da su za su zama 16 lb N, 64 lb P2O5, da 32 lb K2O." Yi amfani da madaidaicin sauƙi na sama don ganin ko za ku iya samun amsoshi iri ɗaya.
- Sanin yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa
- Ƙayyade yawan kowane nau'in gina jiki don ƙarawa, a cikin lbs/acre, tare da tebura a cikin jagorar sarrafa kayan abinci
- Yanke shawarar samfurin da za a yi amfani da su, dangane da adadin abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata
- Raba shawarwarin na gina jiki da ɗan ƙaramin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin taki (Na gina jiki lbs / 0.__ = lbs a kowace kadada na taki don amfani)
Annie Klodd, Malami na Tsawo - Samar da 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu, Jami'ar Minnesota