#PlantPathology #CropDisease #FungalInfection #Dawwamammen Noma #Control Biological #RNAInterference #GenomeEditing
Ciwon fari, wanda ƙwayar fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ya haifar, babbar barazana ce ga amfanin gona da yawa, gami da waken soya, canola, sunflower, da latas. Cutar tana da girma da farin auduga a kan ciyayi, ganyaye, da kwas ɗin shukar, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga ruɓe da mutuwa. Naman gwari yana haifar da tsauri, baƙar fata, tsarin rayuwa da ake kira sclerotia, wanda zai iya zama mai yiwuwa a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru da yawa, yana da wahala a magance cutar.
Ci gaba: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum yana cutar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar sakin spores waɗanda iska, ruwa, ko kwari zasu iya ɗauka. Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar buɗe ido ko raunuka kuma suna kafa kansu a cikin nama. Naman gwari yana samar da enzymes da ke rushe bangon tantanin halitta, yana haifar da girma na farin auduga. Cutar na iya yaduwa cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu kyau, kamar zafi mai zafi, matsakaicin zafi, da yanayin rigar.
Sakamakon Ci gaba: Cutar farar fata na iya haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa a cikin amfanin gonakin da abin ya shafa, daga kashi 10% zuwa 100%, ya danganta da tsananin cutar da kuma matakin amfanin gona. Haka kuma cutar na iya shafar ingancin kayan amfanin gona, ta rage darajar kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, naman gwari na iya cutar da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa, yana mai da jujjuyawar amfanin gona da magance cututtuka da ƙalubale.
Don magance cututtukan fata, an ƙirƙira dabaru da yawa, gami da yin amfani da nau'ikan juriya, ayyukan al'adu, da fungicides. Koyaya, waɗannan dabarun suna da iyakancewa, kuma naman gwari ya haɓaka juriya ga wasu cututtukan fungicides da aka saba amfani da su. Don haka, akwai buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin da za a bi don magance cutar.
Masu bincike suna binciko hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar sarrafa ilimin halitta, tsoma bakin RNA, da gyaran kwayoyin halitta, don magance barazanar fungal. Gudanar da ilimin halitta ya ƙunshi amfani da kwayoyin halitta, kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da ƙwayoyin cuta, don murkushe girma da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Tsangwama RNA wata hanya ce ta yin tsit da kwayoyin halittar da za a iya amfani da ita don hana bayyana kwayoyin halittar da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar kwayoyin cuta. Gyaran kwayoyin halitta kayan aiki ne wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gabatar da takamaiman maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin cuta, wanda ke mayar da shi baya da cutarwa.
Cutar sankara ce da Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ke haifarwa babbar barazana ce ga amfanin gona da yawa, kuma sarrafa ta na buƙatar tsari mai yawa. Sabbin dabaru masu dorewa, kamar sarrafa ilimin halitta, tsangwama na RNA, da gyaran kwayoyin halitta, suna ba da mafita mai ban sha'awa don yaƙar barazanar fungal.