A karshen watan Satumba, mako guda na Field Days na kamfanonin kiwo kayan lambu bisa ga al'ada ya faru a cikin Netherlands, inda aka riga aka saba da sabbin iri. Abin da aka sani, kiwo na nau'in kayan lambu na biennial yana da shekaru 15-17. Wannan tsari ne mai tsada kuma mai wahala, don haka duk kamfanonin kiwo suna nazarin yanayin kasuwa sosai don samun damar yin hasashen irin nau'ikan da nau'ikan nau'ikan za su kasance cikin buƙata a cikin dogon lokaci.
A ina kuke ganin makomar kasuwar kayan lambu?
- A cikin rarrabuwa na tayin, duka cikin sharuɗɗan nau'ikan da samfuran.
- A cikin launuka iri-iri, saboda launuka daban-daban ba wai kawai suna ba da gudummawa ga kyawawan bayyanar samfuran ba, amma nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban suna inganta lafiyar ɗan adam.
- A cikin samfurori na ƙananan ƙananan (kabeji, farin kabeji, broccoli, shugabannin letas, kabewa, karas, beets) - sun fi dacewa da ƙananan gidaje na zamani da kuma rage asarar abinci.
- Mai jure wa cututtuka da kwari - yana rage dogaro ga samfuran kariyar shuka kuma yana samar da mafi tsabta, ƙarancin ƙaƙƙarfan samfurin ƙarshe.
Hakanan mahimman abubuwan fasaha na noma:
- ƙirƙirar nau'ikan da za su iya dacewa da yanayin canjin yanayi;
- nau'ikan da suka dace da fasahar zamani (girbi na injiniyoyi ko hydroponics);
- iri da suka dace musamman don noman kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin gaba-mafi yawan juriya iri
Shahararriyar kamfanin Bejo yana ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar nau'ikan nau'ikan juriya waɗanda za su iya samar da amfanin gona mai kyau a yanayi daban-daban. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci cewa nau'in suna da tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban, aƙalla tartsatsi, cututtuka don dacewa da ilimin Halittu da haɗakarwa.
Misali, rawaya albasa 'Hylander' F1, Red 'Redlander' F1 da shallots daga tsaba 'Innovator' F1 da high juriya ga albasa gaskiya powdery mildew (Peronospora destructor).
Wani sabon tebur mai alamar gwoza matasan 'Bazzu' F1 yana da matsakaicin juriya ga kamuwa da ƙasa na Rhizomania spp. yaduwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a cikin kasashen Scandinavia. Har yanzu ba a gano wannan kamuwa da cuta a Latvia ba, amma a zamanin duniya, yana iya zuwa mana kan lokaci. Hakanan, wannan matasan yana da juriya ga ƙwayar cutar gwoza necrotic leaf vein yellowing (BNYVV) da tabo ganye da yawa. Tushensa yana da amfani na duniya-don sabbin amfani, sarrafawa da adana dogon lokaci.
Wani sabon abu mai ban sha'awa shine nau'in nau'in karas na Nantes 'Nagovia' F1 (kada a rude da 'Negovia' da aka saba a baya). Yana da wuri, mai girma, tare da haushi mai santsi na musamman da juriya ga tushen pythiosis (Pythium spp.). Yana daya daga cikin rubewar saiwoyin da ake ajiyewa, haka kuma wannan kamuwa da cuta na iya sa tsiron karas ya fadi. Wani nau'in nau'in karas mai ban sha'awa shine 'Nordhorn' F1. Ya dace da girbi da ajiya na dogon lokaci na tushen matsakaici (150-250 g). Wannan matasan yana da kama da sanannen matasan 'Nerac' F1, amma ya zarce shi a cikin koshin lafiya (mai kyau juriya na cututtuka), ganye masu tsayi sosai (wannan yana da mahimmanci a lokacin girbi na karas) har ma mafi kyawun juriya ga fashewa da fashewa. Wani fa'ida - mai dacewa sosai a cikin girman da siffar tushen, godiya ga wanda akwai yawan amfanin gona na kasuwa na kasuwa.
Kamfanin Takii na Japan yana hulɗar ba kawai ga kayan lambu da tsire-tsire na ado ba, ya gabatar da wannan shekara nau'in 'Ground Control' na velvets (Tagetes patula), wanda aka ƙirƙira musamman don sarrafa nematodes masu cutarwa ga tsire-tsire. Noman wannan iri-iri ba wai yana rage yawan kwarin da asarar amfanin gona da yake yi ba, har ma yana kara yawan kwayoyin halitta a cikin kasa, yana inganta tsarinsa da kuma kara yawan halittu.
Yana tsinkayar sha'awar mabukaci a nau'ikan tsire-tsire na kabeji
Ana ganin makomar kasuwar kayan lambu a cikin ƙananan samfurori, ciki har da nau'in nau'in kabeji iri-iri.
Hoto: daga taskar "AGRO TOPA"
Kamfanonin kiwo da yawa suna tsammanin buƙatun farin kan kabeji na gargajiya zai ragu a nan gaba, yayin da sha'awar masu amfani da sauran tsire-tsire za su ƙaru.
Kamfanin Bejo 'Newlyn' F1 yana cike da tayin farin kabeji don tattarawa a ƙarshen kaka. Yana riƙe lafiyarsa na dogon lokaci kuma yana jure sanyin dare da kyau. Kawuna suna dadewa yayin ganewa.
A nasa bangare, kamfanin Sakata yana ba da sabon nau'in farin kabeji 'Purpurina' F1. Yana girma da sauri, yana samar da kyawawan kawuna masu zagaye na launi mai tsananin shuɗi kuma ya dace da noma daga bazara zuwa kaka.
Kamfanin Rijk Zwaan ya ba da fifiko kan juriya da cututtuka, wannan yana nunawa ta hanyar sabon nau'in 'Johnsson' F1, wanda aka ƙirƙira sosai a cikin Netherlands a wannan shekara. Nau'in Romanesco farin kabeji 'Delaverde' F1 kuma ana bambanta shi ta Kyakkyawan juriya da girma mai ƙarfi. Ya dace da girbi na kaka.
Har ila yau, labarin yana cikin broccoli. Kamfanin Sakata ya gabatar da sabon nau'in broccoli mai launin ruwan hoda 'Purple Magic', wanda ke samarwa a ƙarshen lokacin rani da kaka, yana samar da kawunan masu nauyin 400 g.
Ba a manta da farin kabeji. Wani sabon matasan na kamfanin Bejo 'Expectation' F1 an tsara shi don adana dogon lokaci, yana da juriya mai kyau ga thrips (Thrips spp.) da cututtuka daban-daban na ganye. Kawuna suna da sauƙin tsaftacewa. Wannan matasan ya dace da girma a cikin ƙasa mai yumbu. Wani nau'in 'Chinook' F1 an yi shi ne don sarrafawa, yana haifar da kawunansu masu tawayar, ana bambanta su da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ya dace da girbi a watan Agusta, farkon Satumba.
Faɗin kewayon farin kan kabeji yana ba da kamfanin Rijk Zwaan. Hybrids 'Dulcima' F1 da' Longma' F1 suna da juriya musamman ga thrips. Matasa 'Missourima' F1, a gefe guda, yana da girma, yana girma sosai kuma ya dace musamman don samar da sauerkraut na halitta. Hybrid 'Axioma' F1 an tsara shi don ajiya na dogon lokaci, wanda za'a iya baje kolin seedlings har zuwa 10. Yuni. Kusan wannan lokacin, ƙasa ta riga ta yi zafi sosai don matakan ma'adinai don kunna (wato, ana fitar da nitrogen daga kwayoyin halitta). Lalacewa daga thrips a kusa da wannan lokacin shima ya ragu.
Girma shaharar kabewa
A cikin Turai, shaharar kabewa ya karu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Yawancin labarai masu ban sha'awa suna da kamfanin Sakata. Misali, 'Mieluna' shine nau'in nau'in butternut na farko daga hadaya ta Sakata na yanzu. Yana da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu inganci tare da naman orange mai duhu, suna yin awo a matsakaicin 1.1-1.2 kg.
Ƙara zuwa sanannen nau'in nau'in nau'in Halloween ('Spyro', 'Flynn', 'Boomer' da 'Terrafin'), masu shayarwa na kamfanin sun fara gabatar da masu shayarwa zuwa sababbin lambobi a cikin kewayon Spagetty da ƙananan kabewa. Mahimmin yanayin-ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa don ƙananan iyalai, mai sauƙin shiryawa, ciki har da a cikin microwave. Ya rage a jira waɗannan lambobin don samun sunan kuma za a ba da tsaba ga manyan masu noma.