Taraktocin noma na zamani suna ɗauke da fasaha mai saurin gaske, suna fafatawa har ma da na baya-bayan nan. Amma ƙarshen baya har yanzu tsohon-makaranta ne, wanda ya dogara da albarkatun mai. Don haka duk wani ingantawa a aikin tarakta babbar nasara ce ga muhalli.
Tare da wannan a zuciyarsa, masu binciken Jami'ar Purdue sun gudanar da aikin Sashen Makamashi na dala miliyan 3.2 don inganta tsarin hydraulic da ke haɗa taraktoci da aiwatarwa.
"Ikon ruwa yana ko'ina," in ji Andrea Vacca, Purdue's Maha Fluid Power Faculty Chair, farfesa na ininiyan inji da kuma aikin noma da injiniyan halittu, kuma darakta na Maha Fluid Power Research Center, mafi girman dakin gwaje-gwajen injin ruwa na ilimi a kasar. “Ana amfani da shi a cikin jiragen sama, a cikin motoci, da kuma cikin kowane nau’in kayan aiki masu nauyi. Tarakta misali ne na abin hawa da ke amfani da wutar lantarki don kunna komai tun daga tutiya da tuƙi, zuwa sarrafa kayan aikin da yake ja a bayansa.”
Amma ikon kayan aikin ya tabbatar da zama matsala. Tsarin sarrafa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na tarakta ya nuna kawai 20% inganci lokacin da aka haɗa shi da tsarin hydraulic na wasu kayan aiki kamar masu shuka, masu shuka iri da masu bailers.
"Akwai rikici a cikin sarrafawa, inda tsarin biyu ke kusan fada da juna," in ji Patrick Stump, Ph.D. dalibi a injiniyan injiniya. "Saboda haka, idan aka haɗa shi da injin shuka, tiraktoci koyaushe yana aiki da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke lalata mai kuma yana ƙara hayaki."
A cikin wannan binciken, an ba da kuɗi ta Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka Ofishin Ingancin Inganci da Sabuntaccen Makamashi, Vacca ta tawagar mayar da hankali ta a kan takamaiman haduwa na tarakta da planter, duka bayar da Case New Holland Industrial, tare da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin bayar da Bosch Rexroth. Duba bidiyo.
Mai shuka yana da faɗin ƙafa 40, tare da layuka 16 na shuka.
"Kowace jere tana da injuna da yawa da ke aiki tare don shuka iri," in ji Xiaofan Guo, wani Ph.D. dalibi a injiniyan injiniya. “Akwai dabaran tsaftacewa a gaba don cire ciyayi da ke akwai. Yanke fayafai yana yanke wani ɗan ƙaramin rami a cikin ƙasa, motar a zahiri tana fitar da tsaba zuwa cikin ƙasa, mai fesa yana ciyar da ruwa da taki a cikin rami sannan diski na ƙarshe ya rufe ramin. Akwai 16 daga cikin waɗannan layuka na shuka, waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman adadin matsi don samun nasarar shuka iri. Kuma dukkansu ana amfani da su ta hanyar tsarin ruwa guda ɗaya.”
Don magance matsalar inganta haɗin gwiwar tarakta-planter, ƙungiyar Vacca ta zaɓi hanya mai matakai uku. Na farko, masu binciken suna buƙatar siffanta tsarin tsarin hydraulic da gina samfurin kwaikwayo a cikin kwamfutar.
"Wadannan taraktocin injina ne masu tsada kuma masu sarkakiya," in ji Xin Tian, wani jami'in Ph.D. ɗalibin da ya haɓaka samfuran sama da shekaru huɗu. “Don haka mun fara ne ta hanyar kera kayan aikin mutum ɗaya tare da gwada su a cikin wani yanayi na tsaye a nan a cikin lab. Lokacin da waɗancan daidai suke, muna haɗa samfuran abubuwan cikin tsarin - kuma mu gwada tsarin - don haka zamu iya tabbatar da cewa duka ƙirar tana aiki. Samfurin yana da girma da sarkakiya, ƙungiyara ta kira shi 'The Monster!'”
Da zarar sun tabbatar da samfurin su, masu binciken sun koma mataki na biyu: haɓaka hanyoyin da za su iya gwadawa.
"Halayen shuka iri daban-daban na buƙatar nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na matsin lamba da yawan kwarara," in ji Tian. "Idan samfurin ya nuna kyakkyawan ci gaba a cikin iko da inganci, to za mu iya fara aiwatar da waɗannan canje-canje a ƙarƙashin yanayin duniya."
Na kashi na uku - gwaje-gwajen duniya na gaske - ƙungiyar ta ƙera combo ɗin tarakta-planter tare da ɗimbin na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
"Muna buƙatar sanin yawan wutar lantarki da tarakta ke cinyewa, abin da famfo na ruwa ke yi, da kuma abin da matsin lamba da yawan kwararar ruwa ke cikin mai shuka," in ji Jake Lengacher, wani digiri na farko na Ph.D. dalibi. "Duk waɗannan wayoyi suna kaiwa cikin sabon akwatin sayan bayanai da muka shigar a cikin taksi, don haka muna da cikakken hoto na abin da ke faruwa yayin zagayowar shuka."
Abin godiya ga ƙungiyar, Purdue yana da wurare masu yawa don manyan tarakta don yawo. The Kwalejin Aikin Gona An bai wa tawagar Vacca yanki mai nisan mil kwata a filin Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimin Kimiyyar Dabbobi in West Lafayette.
"Muna da sa'a sosai a Purdue," in ji Vacca. "Muna da sararin dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawa a Maha inda za mu iya gwada waɗannan manyan injina a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa; Haka kuma noma yana da filayen noma da yawa inda za mu iya gudanar da bincike a fagen.”
Kuma da yake babu daya daga cikin ‘yan kungiyar da ya taba sarrafa irin wannan babbar tarakta a filin, Case New Holland ta ba da horo domin koya musu tuki.
"Karfin wutar lantarki mai nauyin fam 25,000 mai karfin dawaki 435, yana jan mai mai mai nauyin fam 10,000 - abin mamaki ne," in ji Stump. “Amma kuma akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke faruwa a cikin taksi, musamman don sarrafa mai shuka. Tabbas aiki ne na mutum biyu, don haka yawanci Jake shima yana cikin taksi yana lura da bayanan akan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka."
Tawagar ta gudanar da gudu da dama a cikin bazara na shekarar 2021, inda suka dasa tsaban masara a matakai daban-daban na saurin injin da aka riga aka tsara da kuma yawan shuka. Haɓakawa ta hanyar bayanan, sun gano cewa sabbin tsarin sarrafa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa an fassara su zuwa haɓaka haɓakar 25% gabaɗaya.
"Idan aka yi la'akari da yawan man da tarakta ke cinyewa, wannan babban ci gaba ne," in ji Vacca. “Kuma wannan shine kawai mafari. Manufar aikin mu shine mu ninka ingantaccen tsarin kula da ruwa na gabaɗaya. A nan gaba, muna shirin kafa tsarin kula da matsa lamba don dabarun sarrafawa, wanda ba a taɓa yin ƙoƙari a cikin motocin noma ba. "
"Lokacin da na ga bayanan da suka tabbatar da maganinmu ya yi aiki, na yi farin ciki sosai," in ji Guo. “Na girma a birni, don haka kasancewa a gona irin wannan abu ne mai ban sha’awa a gare ni. Ƙwarewa na shine tsarin sarrafawa, don haka yana da ban sha'awa sosai don ganin an gwada ra'ayoyinmu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin ainihin duniya. Ikon ruwa wani fage ne da aka kafa, amma har yanzu akwai yuwuwar gabatar da sabbin tsare-tsare da sabbin gine-ginen don inganta al'amura. "
Stump ya ce, “Ban taba tunanin zan tuka tarakta ta filin gona domin yin Ph.D. Ina da shirin shiga sararin samaniya. Amma na'urorin da ke kan wadannan taraktoci suna da sarkakiya kamar jirgin sama ko roka. Zurfafa zurfin cikin ikon ruwa ya kasance mai amfani sosai ga makomara a aikin injiniya. "
Tian ya ce, "Tabbas shine mafi kyawun lokacina a Purdue. Na sanya lokaci mai yawa a cikin waɗannan samfuran, kuma don ganin ci gaban sakamakon ya kasance lokacin farin ciki a gare ni.
Vacca ya ce, "Ganin aiki tuƙuru na ɗalibanmu - da kuma shaida wani ra'ayi da aka samu daga ɗakin karatu zuwa fagen - wannan shine ainihin ɓangaren aikinmu."
- Jared Pike, Jami'ar Purdue