Tuni dai manoma suka fara ganin illar damina mai zafi da kuma lokacin zafi ga amfanin gonakinsu. Sauyin yanayi yana sannu a hankali, amma haɓaka yanayin zafi gabaɗaya yana shafar fannoni da yawa na noma, gami da inda kuma yadda ake noman amfanin gona.
Tapan Pathak, ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Jami'ar California da ke UC Merced, yana yin bincike mai zurfi wanda manoma da makiyaya za su iya amfani da su don daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi da aka haifar da yanayi mai canzawa da canza yanayi.
"Ba dole ba ne ku canza aikinku gobe, amma idan kuna tunanin yin saka hannun jari na shekaru 30, yana da mahimmanci ku san irin haɗarin da ke tattare da shuka amfanin gona daban-daban," Pathak, wanda ke zaune a Cibiyar Nazarin Saliyo Nevada. a UC Merced, in ji sanarwar.
Pathak ya jagoranci UC Cooperative Extension Climate Change Team Programme, wanda manufarsa ita ce haɓaka iya aiki tsakanin malaman UCE don magance matsalolin canjin yanayi tare da bayanan tushen kimiyya. Pathak kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru daga ko'ina cikin yammacin Amurka don yin abubuwan haɓakawa da suka shafi daidaita canjin yanayi. Yana aiki kafada da kafada da hukumomin Jihohi da na tarayya a fadin jihar da kuma masu noma domin gano sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a sakamakon sauyin yanayi da ya shafi noma. Binciken Pathak zai sanar da shawarar manoma, kamar iri-iri na amfanin gona, dasa shuki da kwanakin girbi, matsanancin zafi da kariyar sanyi da sarrafa kwari.
"Muna ganin tasirin sauyin yanayi, a bayyane yake. Muna da wasu hanyoyin da ake da su, amma kuma muna buƙatar yin ƙarin bincike na musamman na amfanin gona a cikin gida don tabbatar da aikin gona ya jure ga haɗarin yanayi, "in ji Pathak.
Masanin kimiyyar UCCE shine jagorar marubucin kan wata muhimmiyar takarda wacce ta haɗa tasirin sauyin yanayi akan noma na California kuma yana ba da kwatance don bincike da aiwatarwa na gaba. Marubutan sun kammala da cewa kusan dukkanin amfanin gonakin California, wanda aka hada da su sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 50 a shekara, za su kasance cikin hatsari zuwa wani mataki ta hanyar hauhawar yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi. karatun"Canjin Yanayi da IYana aiki a California Agriculture"An buga shi a cikin Agronomy a cikin 2018.
Pathak, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta jagoranci kan yanayi don bincike daga masana'antar, "Ina tsammanin akwai mafita da yawa kuma akwai bukatu mai kyau na bincike na daidaitawa wanda ya hada da ra'ayoyin manoma." California Climate & Agriculture Network.
Pathak yana yin haɗin gwiwa sosai tare da ƙwararrun UCCE na tushen UC Davis Daniele Zaccaria, wanda ke jagorantar wani shiri na ƙasa da ƙasa kan kimanta ma'aunin yanayin halittu da haɓaka index wanda ya fi dacewa da aikin noma, wanda ya haɗa da masana kimiyya daga Amurka, Italiya, Brazil da Chile. .
Pathak ya ce "Ma'auni na bioclimatic na musamman ga aikin noma na ban ruwa na iya samar da ingantaccen bayani mai mahimmanci na fari na noma wanda zai iya taimakawa ga tsare-tsaren albarkatun ruwa da yanke shawara," in ji Pathak.
Cal AgroClimate
Pathak yana haɓaka tsarin tallafi na tushen yanar gizo wanda ake kira Cal AgroClimate don taimakawa masu haɓaka yanke shawara, tare da haɗin gwiwar USDA California Climate Hub darektan Steven Ostoja. Ana gina shi akan dandali daya da AgroClimate, wanda ya shahara da masu noma a kudu maso gabas.
Cal AgroClimate yana fassara bayanan yanayi na tarihi da tsinkayen gaba zuwa tsarin tallafi mai amfani ga masu noma. Misali, masu noma za su iya samun matsananciyar shawarwarin zafi da sanyi na kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 masu zuwa a yankinsu da albarkatu masu dacewa don rage hatsari ga zaɓaɓɓun amfanin gona. Yana cikin farkon matakin ci gaba kuma zai haɗa da tarin kayan aiki bisa buƙatu da fifikon da abokan aikin UCCE, masu noma da kuma al'ummar noma gabaɗaya suka gano.
Baya ga aikinsa kan Cal AgroClimate, Pathak yana gudanar da bincike kan takamaiman amfanin gona.
tumatir
a cikin wata nazari kan sarrafa noman tumatir a cikin Central Valley, Pathak da UCCE mai ba da shawara Scott Stoddard sun gano cewa canjin yanayin zafi zai yiwu canza lokacin noman tumatir. Masanan kimiyya sun duba sarrafa bayanan tumatir tun daga 1950 da kuma hasashen 2030-2040 don ganin yadda lokacin girma ke canzawa.
"Gabaɗaya, lokacin fitowa zuwa girma, lokacin sarrafa tumatir a yankin zai ragu da makonni biyu zuwa uku," in ji Pathak. “Masu sarrafawa da yawa suna da lokacinsu na lokacin da suke buƙatar tumatur don sarrafawa don haka lokacin da kuka sami wannan canjin a cikin phenology, wanda ke canza lokacin lokacin lokacin da suka girma kuma suna shirye don sarrafawa. Don haka, akwai sauye-sauye a harkokin gudanarwa da manoma za su yi tunani a kai nan gaba.”
almonds
Don gano bayanan yanayi masu noman almond suna buƙatar ɗaukar matakin daidaitawa, UC Berkeley mai bincike na postdoctoral Kripa Jagannathan, tsohon mashawarcin UCCE David Doll da Pathak. hira da masu noman almond a cikin Central Valley. A yayin tattaunawarsu da manoma, masu binciken sun fayyace cewa hasashen yanayi na dogon lokaci ba hasashe na yanayi ba ne ko hasashen yanayi na shekaru 20 zuwa 30 masu zuwa. Hasashen suna ba da bayanai kan halaye ko yuwuwar sauye-sauye daga yanayin tarihi don yanke shawarar tsarawa na dogon lokaci.
Kame kwarin yanki ɗaya ne da masu noman za su buƙaci yin canje-canje. Binciken da mashawarcin UCCE Jhalendra Rijal da Pathak suka yi ya nuna cewa ƙwayar almond navel orangeworm ta riga ta tsawaita rayuwarsa zuwa tsara na biyar a cikin yanayi guda.
strawberries
Don strawberries, Pathak, UCCE entomology da masu ba da shawara kan ilimin halitta Surendra Dara da mai binciken digiri na biyu Mahesh Maskey sun haɓaka. samfurin don yin hasashen amfanin amfanin gona na mako-mako bisa bayanan yanayi. Pathak ya ce "samfurin ya yi daidai ga yankin Santa Maria." "Za a iya amfani da takamaiman samfurin amfanin gona don gudanar da aiki ba kawai sarrafa amfanin gona ba."
Domin California tana samar da kayayyakin noma fiye da 400, daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi zai kasance mafi rikitarwa fiye da sauran jihohi.
Hoto a saman: Tapen Pathak, hagu, da Mahesh Maskey daidaita na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin filin strawberry a cikin 2018. Yin aiki tare da Surenda Dara, sun ɓullo da samfurin don yin hasashen amfanin amfanin gona na mako-mako dangane da bayanan yanayi.