Wani sabon kayan aiki daga Sabis ɗin Bincike na Aikin Gona (ARS) na iya hasashen rashin daidaituwar cewa mazaunan zumar da aka mamaye a cikin ajiyar sanyi za su yi girma sosai don yin hayan almond pollination a cikin Fabrairu. Gano waɗanne yankuna ne ba za su cancanci kashe dala ba don lokacin hunturu na iya inganta layin masu kiwon zuma.
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun yi asarar matsakaicin kashi 30 cikin 15 na yankunan da aka mamaye su kusan shekaru XNUMX. Yana da tsada don mamaye mazauna yankunan da yanayin sanyi ya kasance sama da daskarewa. Don haka, al'adar da ba ta da tsada ta overwintering ƙudan zuma a cikin ajiyar sanyi yana zama sananne.
Wannan sabon kayan aiki yana ƙididdige yuwuwar wani yanki na kudan zuma da aka sarrafa ya tsira daga lokacin sanyi bisa ma'auni biyu: girman mulkin mallaka da kaso na varroa mite a cikin Satumba, a cewar masanin ilimin halittar ARS. Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, wanda ya jagoranci tawagar. DeGrandi-Hoffman shine jagoran bincike na ARS Cibiyar Bincike ta Carl Hayden Bee Tucson, Arizona.
Ta hanyar tuntuɓar tebur mai yiwuwa don yuwuwar mallakar mallaka yana da mafi ƙarancin firam shida na ƙudan zuma - adadin da ake buƙata don mulkin mallaka don samun damar cika kwangilar pollination ga masu noman almond ya zo Fabrairu - masu kiwon zuma za su iya yanke shawara a watan Satumba idan yana da fa'ida ta tattalin arziki. don mamaye mulkin mallaka a cikin ajiyar sanyi.
"Girman mulkin mallaka a ƙarshen lokacin rani ko farkon faɗuwa na iya zama yaudara game da damar da yake da ita na yin shi a lokacin hunturu. Hatta manyan yankunan da ke da fiye da firam 12 na ƙudan zuma (kudan zuma kusan 30,000) suna da ƙasa da yuwuwar 0.5 (damar kashi 50) na dacewa da pollin almond idan suna da mites 5 ko fiye da ƙudan zuma 100 a watan Satumba, "in ji DeGrandi-Hoffman. .
Ko da tare da wannan taimako na rage tsada, ƙungiyar bincike ta gano cewa kudaden shiga daga kwangilar pollination da kanta ba zai iya ba da damar samun ci gaba mai dorewa ga mai kiwon zuma ba kuma. Sun bi yankuna 190 na zumar zuma kuma sun rubuta duk farashin.
An kashe albarkatu masu yawa don ciyar da yankunan mallaka da kan varroa mite da sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta. Farashin ya kasance kusan $200 a kowane yanki.
Kwangilolin pollination na Almond sun biya matsakaicin $190 ga kowane mallaka a cikin 2019.
Hanya daya da masu kiwon kudan zuma za su ci gaba da samun karfin tattalin arziki a matsayin kasuwanci, ita ce samar da noman zuma daga kudan zuma. Mafi sau da yawa ana samun sauƙin wannan ta hanyar ƙaura yankunan zuwa Babban Filaye na Arewa inda ƙudan zuma za su iya yin kiwo don neman ruwan 'ya'yan itace da pollen daga tsire-tsire masu furanni iri-iri.
“Lamarin ya canza sosai. Ya fi tsada don sarrafa ƙudan zuma na zuma tare da farashi don ciyar da mazauna lokacin da babu furanni da kuma sarrafa mites varroa. Kuma yana da wahala a sami wuraren zama na kudan zuma da ke samar da abinci iri-iri da suke bukata, "in ji DeGrandi-Hoffman. “Kudaden shiga pollination kadai bai isa ba ga masu kiwon zuma su ci gaba da kasuwanci. Amma muna bukatar masu kiwon kudan zuma domin kudan zuma da aka sarrafa su ne lynchpin a noman noma a yau.”
Nasarar yin amfani da ajiyar sanyi zai taimaka wa makiyayan kudan zuma, amma da gaske muna koyon abin da ya kamata tsarin gudanarwa ya kamata ya kasance tare da ajiyar sanyi, "in ji ta.
An buga wannan aikin a cikin Jaridar Economic Entomology.
The Sabis na Noma ita ce babbar ma'aikatar binciken kimiyyar cikin gida ta Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka. Kullum, ARS tana mai da hankali kan hanyoyin magance matsalolin noma da suka shafi Amurka. Kowane dala da aka saka hannun jari a cikin binciken bincike na noma yana haifar da dala 20 na tasirin tattalin arziki.
- Kim Kaplan, USDA ARS