A cikin watanni takwas na farkon shekarar 2022, fitar da takin ma'adinai a Rasha ya ragu da kashi 2.5% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a bara, tashar Telegram na Cibiyar Hasashen Tattalin Arziki ta Gazprombank ta yi rahoton, tana ambaton bayanan Rosstat da aka daidaita don lissafin mahalarta kasuwar. A lokaci guda, samarwa har yanzu ya fi na 2019 da 2020 da 10.5% da 4%, bi da bi. A cikin Janairu-Agusta 2022, yawan takin potash ya ragu - da 25.1%, takin nitrogen shima ya ragu da kashi 6.3%, yayin da samar da urea ya karu da 6.1%, da ammonium nitrate - da 10.1%. Fitar da takin gaba ɗaya ya faɗi da kashi 11%, babban faɗuwar ya kasance a cikin ammonium nitrate (kusan 50%), potassium chloride (da 24.8%) da CAS (ta 32.2%). Wannan ya faru ne saboda raguwar buƙatu a Turai da matsalolin kayan aiki, duk da cewa babu wani haramcin kai tsaye kan siyan takin ma'adinai daga Rasha.
A cewar masu shiga tsakani na Kommersant, a lokacin bazara, manyan masu samar da takin zamani na phosphorus da nitrogen sun dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayayyaki da haɓaka kayayyaki zuwa kasuwanni daban-daban: phosagro, alal misali, ya rage yawan kayayyaki zuwa Turai, amma ya karu da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa Indiya da sau 2.5. . Eurochem ya kuma tura kayayyaki daga kasuwannin da ke da cikas zuwa wasu yankuna. Babban matsalolin sun taso a Uralchem saboda rufe bututun Tolyatti-Odessa ammonia, da kuma Uralkali, wanda fitar da shi a tsakiyar lokacin rani ya ragu da kashi 25-30% bayan toshe tashoshin jigilar kayayyaki mallakar kamfanin a cikin jihohin Baltic. jaridar ta rubuta.
A cikin watanni shida masu zuwa, sashin zai fuskanci karuwar nauyin kudi: ana sa ran za a sanya harajin fitar da takin zamani idan farashin takin phosphorus da nitrogen a duniya ya wuce $500/ton, potash - $400/ton. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran farashin iskar gas ga masu amfani da masana'antu na Rasha za su iya ƙididdigewa da 8.5% a cikin Disamba. A cewar Kommersant, a farkon watan Agusta, farashin duniya don takin ma'adinai ya kasance a manyan matakan: don haka, dimmoniya phosphate tare da jigilar kaya a cikin Baltic kudin $ 832 / t, potassium - $ 660 / t, urea - $ 581 / t. A cikin 2023, daftarin kasafin kudin ya hada da cire sama da biliyan 100 rubles daga kamfanonin sinadarai ta hanyar ayyuka.
Babban darektan kungiyar masu samar da taki ta kasar Rasha (RAPU) Maxim Kuznetsov ya ce kasuwar cikin gida ita ce fifiko ga masana'antar takin ma'adinai ta Rasha. A cewarsa, a cikin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata manoma sun rubanya sayan takin ma’adinai zuwa tan miliyan 5 na takin ma’adinai a bara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2030, ma'aikatar noma ta yi hasashen karuwar wannan adadi zuwa tan miliyan 8.8. Ya kara da cewa "Samar da manyan nau'ikan takin ma'adinai a Rasha yana haɓaka: da fiye da 30% a cikin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata, gami da 5.6% a cikin 2021," in ji shi. Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Kuznetsov, a cikin watanni takwas na farko na 2022, samar da takin mai magani mafi mashahuri a Rasha - nitrogen da phosphorus - ya karu da 4.2% da 2%, bi da bi. Kuma gabaɗayan haɓakawa a cikin masana'antar, kamar haka daga bayanan Rosstat, an hana shi ta hanyar raguwar samar da potassium chloride - mafi ƙarancin amfani da takin mai magani a kasuwannin gida, in ji Kuznetsov.
"A kan wannan yanayin, ana sa ran cewa a bana saurin sayan takin ma'adinai a rukunin masana'antun noma zai wuce hasashen da aka yi. By tsakiyar Oktoba, da masana'antu ta Enterprises sun kusan 100% biya bukatar Rasha agro-masana'antu hadaddun ga ma'adinai taki ga dukan 2022. Advance isar da takin ma'adinai ga bazara shuka yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2023 sun riga sun fara a da dama. yankuna," Kuznetsov yayi sharhi ga Agroinvestor. A cewarsa, a yanzu, bisa ga shawarwarin FAS, da ma'aikatar masana'antu da ciniki, ma'aikatar noma da kuma ma'aikatar bunkasa tattalin arziki, an kayyade farashin takin ma'adinai na noma a cikin manufofin kasuwanci na masana'antun. kuma an buga su a gidajen yanar gizon su. Shawarwarin da sassan suka amince da shi sun ba da ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙananan farashin a cikin 2022: da 5% daga Yuni 1, da 5-10% daga 1 ga Satumba da kuma ta 8.4-8.6% daga Disamba 1.
A cewar Dmitry Rylko, Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Aikin Noma, ba shi da daraja a ƙidaya yawan karuwar amfani da takin ma'adinai a cikin gida: ribar kasuwancin amfanin gona ya ragu sosai, yayin da farashin taki ba wai kawai ya kasance mai girma ba. matakan, amma suna girma a wurare da dama. Har ila yau, sauye-sauyen juyin juya hali ba za su faru a hanyoyin fitar da kayayyaki ba, tun da an riga an samar da dukkan kasuwanni, ko da yake ana ci gaba da fuskantar ƙayyadaddun sake fasalin kayayyaki, in ji Agroinvestor.
Mataimakin shugaban kungiyar hadin kan hatsi ta Rasha (RZS) Alexander Korbut ya yi imanin cewa, akwai kasashen da ke son kara sayan takin zamani, amma tambayar ita ce, "suma dole ne su sami kudi." Masana'antun Rasha za su iya shiga sabbin kasuwanni, amma yana ɗaukar lokaci. A halin da ake ciki, takunkumi na yau da kullun yana aiki kuma yana da mummunan tasiri kan kayayyaki ga ƙasashen masu saye na gargajiya, in ji shi.
A cewar Korbut, akwai yuwuwar samun bunkasuwa a duniya wajen amfani da takin zamani: ana bukatar girbi mai yawa, kuma a yanayin karancin kasa da albarkatun ruwa, da wuya duniya ta iya yin hakan ba tare da takin ma'adinai ba a shekaru masu zuwa, duk kuwa da cewa an samu ci gaba mai yawa. manufofin muhalli na wasu ƙasashe waɗanda ke bin ra'ayin iyakance amfani da su. Har ila yau, haɓakar amfani da taki yana yiwuwa a Rasha, amma amfani da takin zamani na ma'adinai yana ƙayyade ta hanyar fasaha na gonaki, kuma wannan yana buƙatar sababbin abubuwa waɗanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar zuba jari, wanda, bi da bi, ya dogara da kudin shiga. "Kuma manufar jihar a halin yanzu game da noman amfanin gona, musamman masu noman hatsi da mai, tare da hana fitar da kayayyaki da kuma samun kudin shiga na masu noma, ba ta motsa su da gaske ga ci gaban fasaha," in ji Korbut ga Agroinvestor.
Alexander Nezhenets, Babban Darakta na Progress agrofirm (Krasnodar Territory), ya ce farashin wasu nau'ikan takin zamani ya karu sosai. Musamman, ammophos yanzu farashin 61.5 dubu rubles / ton (a cikin 2021, kamfanin ya sayi shi tsawon yanayi biyu fiye da sau biyu mai rahusa), kuma takin nitrogen ya tashi a farashin da kusan 20%, yayin da CAS na Oktoba kawai ba za a iya ba da oda ba. Sai dai duk da matsalolin da ake fuskanta, ya ci gaba da cewa, ci gaban da ake samu zai kara yawan amfani da takin zamani, yayin da kamfanin ke kokarin samun girbi mai yawa.
Tver Agro-Industrial Company bai riga ya sayi takin mai magani ba: bara, kowa ya yi sayayya a cikin bazara, sakamakon haka an yi gaggawa, kuma wasu nau'ikan takin sun kasance ba za a iya saya ba, yayin da a cikin bazara irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su kasance ba. lura da tsayi. “Yawancin aikace-aikacen ya dogara da abin da za mu yi da shuka: tare da farashin hatsi na yanzu, wataƙila ba za mu aiwatar da shukar bazara ba. Sannan, bisa ga haka, ba a buƙatar takin zamani,” in ji Konanykhin.
Tushe: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/