#Kazakhstan #Agriculture #Systems Ban ruwa #Rashin Ruwa #Dorewar Noma #ClimateChange #RECCA #Innovation #Tsaron Abinci #Tsarin Muhalli
A cikin busasshiyar shimfidar wurare na Kazakhstan, inda karancin ruwa ke barazana ga yankin noma, wani haske na bege ya bayyana. Ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa tana ba da taimako don magance gibin ruwa; 40% na ruwan da aka rasa a tsarin ban ruwa. Gano ayyukan canza wasan da ke sake fasalin makomar noma ta Kazakhstan.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manoman Kazakhstan sun yi ƙararrawa. Yankunan kasar da dama sun bushe saboda dadewar fari. Koguna suna raguwa, kuma ruwan da ake buƙata don buƙatu yana ƙaranci. Ma'aikatar kula da muhalli ta ayyana lamarin a matsayin mawuyacin hali. Don kiyaye yawan amfanin gona, manoma suna buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa. Koyaya, tsoffin magudanan ruwa da sluices suna buƙatar sabuntawa sosai. Akwai karancin kayan aiki da kwararru. Masana sun yi nuni da cewa farkon bazara ana ganin kwararar ruwa saboda narkewar dusar ƙanƙara da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, amma kusan rabinsa ba a rasa ba don ƙafewa da tacewa. Sabbin fasahohi suna da mahimmanci don adanawa da rarraba wannan albarkatu mai tamani yadda ya kamata.
Ƙirƙirar Magani Wanda RECCA ke bayarwa
Cibiyar Muhalli ta Yanki na Tsakiyar Asiya (RECCA), kungiyar kasa da kasa mai zaman kanta wacce ta kafa a shekarar 2021 da gwamnatocin kasashe biyar na Asiya ta Tsakiya, Tarayyar Turai, da UNDP, ta shiga tsakani don magance wannan rikicin. A wannan shekara, sun ƙaddamar da muhimman ayyukan sarrafa albarkatun ruwa guda biyu a Kazakhstan. Na farko, "Integrated Watershed Management in the Ishim River Basin," za a aiwatar da shi a yankunan Akmolinskaya da Arewacin Kazakhstan, wanda zai amfana kusan gonaki 7500 a kauyuka kamar Karabulak, Azat, Arnasai, Shortandy, da birnin Stepnogorsk. Kudin aikin: $123,000. Aiki na biyu, "Haɓaka 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki da Ƙarfafa Mata a yankunan karkara na tsakiyar Asiya ta hanyar samun ruwan sha da ababen more rayuwa," zai shafi yankunan kudancin Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, da Tajikistan, tare da kasafin kuɗi na dala 450,000. Waɗannan ayyukan, waɗanda aka ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗi ta hanyar tallafi, suna zama a matsayin nunin ingantattun mafita. Burinsu shi ne su baje kolin yadda za a iya tinkarar matsalolin ban ruwa, da share fage ga hukumomin gwamnati su kwaikwaya tare da fadada irin wadannan ayyuka a ma'auni. Ana sa ran kammala ayyukan a watan Mayun 2024.
Kalubalen Ƙasar Ban ruwa a Kazakhstan
Galibin yankin Asiya ta tsakiya na fuskantar karancin ruwa, wanda hakan ke sa noma ya kasance ta hanyar ban ruwa kawai, a cewar kwararrun RECCA. A Kazakhstan, kashi 7.6% na filayen noma ne kawai ake noman ruwa, jimlar hekta miliyan 2.2. Idan aka kwatanta, Uzbekistan na ban ruwa 96%, Turkmenistan 90%, Kyrgyzstan 75%, da Tajikistan 73% na filayen noma. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa fari zai kara tabarbarewa sakamakon sauyin yanayi, da ke kara rage albarkatun ruwa. A cikin wannan yanayin, noman ban ruwa yana tabbatar da wadatar abinci, ayyukan yi, da rage talauci.
Don dacewa da yanayin sauyin yanayi, dole ne Kazakhstan ta saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin tsarin ban ruwa da fasahohin da ke kiyaye ruwa. A halin yanzu, kashi 62 cikin XNUMX na ruwan Kazakhstan da ake samu daga magudanan ruwa masu wucewa ana amfani da su wajen ban ruwa. Kasar na fuskantar kalubale da dama:
- Matsakaicin shekarun kayayyakin aikin ban ruwa na tsakanin gonaki da na gonaki shine shekaru 50, kuma manyan abubuwan more rayuwa sun fi girma.
- Kashi 40% na ruwa yana ɓacewa a cikin magudanan ruwa da tsarin tacewa saboda ratsawa ta gindin magudanar ruwa da gangara.
- Kimanin kashi 50 cikin XNUMX na filayen ban ruwa suna shafan salinization.
Shirye-shiryen da RECCA ta yi sun nuna sabon zamani ga aikin noma na Kazakhstan. Ta hanyar mai da hankali kan ayyukan noman rani mai ɗorewa, waɗannan ayyukan suna ba da tsari don makomar ƙasar. Zamanantar da kayayyakin noman noma, aiwatar da sa ido kan ingancin ruwa da kasa, da rarrabuwar kawuna na aikin gona, matakai ne masu muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da wadatar abinci, da kiyaye albarkatun ruwa masu daraja, da inganta rayuwar manoma.
Yayin da muke duba gaba, yana da mahimmanci ga masu ruwa da tsaki - manoma, masana aikin gona, injiniyoyin noma, masu gonaki, da masana kimiyya - don tallafawa da koyo daga waɗannan ayyukan. Ta hanyar yunƙurin haɗin kai da sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa, Kazakhstan na iya shawo kan matsalar ruwa, da canza yanayin aikin noma da tabbatar da kyakkyawar makoma ga tsararraki masu zuwa.