Yayin da kakar bishiyar bishiyar asparagus ta Burtaniya ke gabatowa cikin sauri, Kim Parker ya bayyana yadda alamun bayyanar cututtukan phytophthora rot sune 'tip of the iceberg' kuma ya taƙaita dabarun rigakafi da sarrafawa.
Ga wasu masu noman bishiyar asparagus, phytophthora rot sanannen 'aboyi' ne. Sauran manoma sun fara cin karo da wannan mummunar cuta a cikin 2020, biyo bayan kaka mai laushi mai laushi da ƙasa mai cike da ƙasa a cikin Fabrairu.
Menene alamun phytophthora rot a cikin bishiyar asparagus?
Mafi bayyanar alamun bishiyar asparagus phytophthora a lokacin girbi sune raunuka a gindin mashin. Waɗannan suna haifar da murɗa mashi ko siffar siffa ta 'karkace', sannan ta rugujewa ko kumewa. Sau da yawa, duk da haka, kawai alamar matsala ita ce ƙarancin mashin da ke fitowa, siraran mashin, ko ƙaramar tsiro mara kyau.
Ci gaban phytophthora ya zama mafi bayyane da zarar kun haƙa zuwa tushen da kambi. Tushen da ya kamu da cutar ya fara fitowa da ruwa, sannan daga baya ya yi launin ruwan kasa ya rube. Rawanin da suka kamu sun yi laushi na nama na ciki.
Lalacewa tana ba da wuraren shiga ga sauran ƙwayoyin cuta kamar fusarium nau'in. A sakamakon haka, za a iya samun sakamako mai lahani na dogon lokaci akan samar da mashi da fern da amfanin gona a cikin yanayi masu zuwa.Komawa zuwa: Integrated pest management (IPM)
Ta yaya phytophthora rot pathogen ke tsira?
Kwayar cuta na iya rayuwa a cikin rawanin don dasa shuki da kuma matsayin 'oospores' na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙasa. Ana fitar da ɓangarorin yin iyo daga tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin nama na kambi da oospores a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da kamuwa da tushen tushen da mashi masu tasowa.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don kamuwa da cuta shine 10-12oC. Hare-hare masu tsanani suna da alaƙa da yanayin rigar da rashin magudanar ruwa.
Ta yaya zan sarrafa phytophthora rot a cikin albarkatun bishiyar asparagus?
Hana
Phytophthora yana da wuyar kawar da shi da zarar ya kasance a cikin filin, don haka rigakafi shine mafi kyawun dabarun:
- A guji sabon shuka inda akwai tarihin rubewar tushen tushen amfanin gona da ya gabata
Wannan na iya nuna cewa yanayin ƙasa na iya zama da amfani ga haɓakar phytophthora rots.
- Tabbatar cewa ƙasa tana da magudanar ruwa sosai kuma ba ta da yuwuwar toshe ruwa
Idan akwai rashin magudanar ruwa a cikin amfanin gona balagagge, ɗauki mataki don magance matsalar.
- Bincika tare da masu samar da kambi cewa wuraren yaduwa ba su da ɓarna daga phytophthora
Lura cewa a halin yanzu babu wani gwajin gwaji da aka yi amfani da shi don kasuwanci don bincika phytophthora a cikin rawanin.
- Ya kamata a yi dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin bushe, yanayin dumi
Wannan yakamata ya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar phytophthora.
- Yi la'akari da noman sifili
Ayyukan noma irin su rigingimu na shekara-shekara da ƙasa ƙasa na iya haifar da lalacewar tushen da wuraren shiga don kamuwa da cuta ta pathogen. Sakamako daga namu bincike sun haifar da sabon tunani akan yuwuwar fa'idodin noman sifili.Fahimtar tsarin ci gaban tushen bishiyar asparagus: kalli bidiyon kuma karanta takaddar gaskiya
Control
SL 567A (metalaxyl-M) shine kawai maganin kashe kwari da aka amince da shi a halin yanzu don sarrafa rot na phytophthora akan bishiyar asparagus kuma dole ne a shafa kafin mashi ya fito.
SL 567A yana da inganci idan an shafa shi akan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano sannan a 'wanke' cikin ƙasa tare da gaba da ruwa daga ruwan sama. Bai kamata a yi amfani da samfurin a cikin ƙasa cikakke ba saboda ana iya cire shi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar magudanar ruwa.
Kamar yadda masana'antar ke dogara da abu ɗaya mai aiki, metalaxyl-M, muna damuwa game da haɗarin juriya. Hakanan akwai yuwuwar rage tasirin aiki saboda lalacewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa. Saboda haka, muna aiki tare da masana'antu don gano wasu zaɓuɓɓukan fungicides.Duban zurfi akan phytophthora rot a cikin bishiyar asparagus - alamomi & zaɓuɓɓukan gudanarwaJagoran Masu Tafiya na amfanin gona: Bishiyar asparagus - gano manyan kwari & cututtukaHanyoyin sarrafawa masu dorewa don bishiyar bishiyar asparagusSakamakon gwaji na SCEPTREplus don amfanin gonar bishiyar asparagus
Kim Parker ta yi aiki a cikin aikin noma na Burtaniya tun daga 2000. Ta kasance Masanin Kimiyyar Kare amfanin gona (cututtuka) a AHDB sama da shekaru hudu, tana mai da hankali kan kayan lambu da kayan abinci masu kariya kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan cututtukan shuka na ADAS