#mai dorewa noma #high-efficiency farming #artificialsoil #TOWING #carbonreduction #foodproduction #biochar #agriculturalinnovation
TOWING, wani kamfani ne wanda Jami'ar Nagoya ta kafa, yana haɓaka wani babban aikin biochar mai suna "Soratan" don cimma nasarar aikin noma mai ɗorewa da inganci tare da rage hayaƙin carbon da takin mai magani. Ta hanyar amfani da fasahar haɓaka ƙasa mai wayo ta musamman, kamfanin yana da niyyar haɓaka ingancin ƙasa da cimma sakamako kamar rage CO2 da haɓakar amfanin ƙasa. Wannan labarin ya bincika baya, haɓakawa, da yuwuwar sakamakon tsarin samar da abinci na TOWING.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, noma ya fuskanci kalubale sosai wajen kawar da hanyoyin samar da sinadarin da ya dogara da takin zamani da rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli. Rage albarkatu da hauhawar farashin takin zamani sun zama abin damuwa ga manoma, tare da batun fitar da iskar gas. Noma da gandun daji sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na hayaki mai gurbata yanayi a duniya, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin “Tsarin Tsarin Abinci na Koren” wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tsara. Ya jaddada rage yawan man fetur da kuma amfani da takin mai magani a zaman wani bangare na kokarin rage iskar gas.
Duk da haka, sauyawa daga sinadarai zuwa takin gargajiya ba abu ne mai sauƙi ga manoma ba. Wasu suna fuskantar raguwar yawan amfanin gona lokacin da suke canzawa daga sinadarai zuwa takin gargajiya, kuma ana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru biyar ana sake gina ƙasa don samun amfanin gona iri ɗaya. "Manoma da suke so su canza zuwa hanyoyin dorewa sau da yawa suna shakkar yin hakan saboda raguwar amfanin gona kalubale ne," in ji Kohei Nishida, Shugaba na TOWING. Soratan biochar da TOWING ya haɓaka yana ba da kyakkyawar mafita ga wannan matsalar.
Soratan babban aikin halitta ne wanda aka samu daga tushen halittun da ba a yi amfani da su ba kamar buhunan shinkafa da taki na dabbobi. TOWING yana ƙara ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan al'umman ƙanƙara na ƙanƙara zuwa ga biochar, suna noma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu dacewa da takin zamani ta amfani da dabarar fermentation wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar samarwa. Wannan dabarar tana kunna nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu, ƙwayoyin cuta na nitrifying da ammonifying bakteriya, haɓaka haɓaka haɓakar takin gargajiya. Zane waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta aiki ne mai wuyar gaske, amma fasaha ce ta asali wacce Hukumar Noma da Binciken Abinci ta ƙasa ta haɓaka. Nishida ta ci karo da wannan fasaha ne a lokacin da take karatu a Jami'ar Nagoya kuma yanzu tana aiwatar da ita a cikin al'umma ta hanyar TOWING.
Babban fa'idar Soratan shine ikonsa na haɓaka aikin noma mai ɗorewa yayin sabunta ayyukan noma na gida. Zai iya rage lokacin sake gina ƙasa da ake buƙata don takin gargajiya daga kimanin shekaru biyar zuwa kusan wata ɗaya, ta haka yana tallafawa haɓakar amfanin gona. Kodayake sakamakon yana a halin yanzu a matakin gwaji, wasu lokuta sun nuna karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa da kusan 20% zuwa 70%. Daga hangen nesa na decarbonization, Soratan yana ba da yuwuwar gyare-gyaren carbon da sha, tare da ƙididdige adadin gyare-gyaren carbon na 1 zuwa 4 ton a kowace ares 10 (mita 1,000) dangane da daidaitattun CO2.
Babban fa'idar amfani da Soratan ita ce ana iya shigar da shi cikin hanyoyin aikin gona da ake da su tare da sauye-sauye kaɗan tun lokacin da ya zama madadin takin da kayan haɓaka ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, musamman na amfani da "biomass da ba a yi amfani da shi ba" a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa na biochar abin lura ne. A baya manoman shinkafa da masu kiwon dabbobi sai da su zubar da kwayoyin halitta irin su buhun shinkafa da takin dabbobi idan ba za su iya sayar da su a matsayin taki ba. Canza irin wannan biomass da ba a yi amfani da shi ba zuwa albarkatu masu mahimmanci yana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga kasuwanci.
TOWING yana hasashen ƙirƙirar wuraren tsabar kuɗi da yawa tare da duk sarkar samar da kayayyaki a zaman wani ɓangare na tsarin kasuwancin sa. Kamfanin yana shirin yin aiki tare da kamfanoni da manoma da masu sarrafa halittu, da kafa masana'antu a yankuna daban-daban don samar da Soratan, da kuma sayar da Soratan ga manoma.