Yawancin mutum-mutumi suna samun fahimtar fahimta da tauhidi ta hanyar mota, wanda zai iya zama babba da tsauri. Wata ƙungiyar jami'ar Cornell ta ƙirƙiro wata hanya don ɗan adam mai taushin hali don jin kewayenta a ciki, kamar yadda ɗan adam ke yi.
Kungiyar karkashin jagorancin Robert Shepherd, mataimakin farfesa a injiniyan injiniya da sararin samaniya kuma babban mai binciken Organic Robotics Lab, Ya buga takarda da ke kwatanta yadda masu iya miƙewa na gani da ido ke aiki a matsayin curvature, elongation da tilasta na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin hannun mutum-mutumi mai laushi.
Dalibin digiri na uku Huichan Zhao shine jagorar marubucin "Opteclectronically innervated m hannun ta hanya mai shimfidawa Enticauko,” wanda aka fito a cikin bugu na farko na Kimiyyar Robotics. Jaridar ta buga Dec. 6; Har ila yau, an ba da gudunmawar daliban digiri na biyu Kevin O'Brien da Shuo Li, dukansu na Shepherd's lab.
"Yawancin mutummutumi a yau suna da na'urori masu auna firikwensin a waje na jikin da ke gano abubuwa daga sama," in ji Zhao. "Na'urori masu auna firikwensin mu suna hade a cikin jiki, don haka a zahiri za su iya gano karfin da ake yadawa ta hanyar kaurin robot, kamar yadda mu da dukkan halittu suke yi idan muka ji zafi, misali."
Tun farkon shekarun 1970s ana amfani da jagororin gani na gani don ayyuka masu yawa da suka haɗa da tauhidi, matsayi da ƙararrawa. Ƙirƙirar ƙira ta asali wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa, amma zuwan shekaru 20 na ƙarshe na lithography mai laushi da bugu na 3-D ya haifar da haɓaka na'urori masu auna firikwensin elastomeric waɗanda ake samarwa cikin sauƙi kuma an haɗa su cikin aikace-aikacen ɗan adam mai taushi.
Ƙungiyar Shepherd ta yi amfani da tsarin lithography mai laushi mai matakai huɗu don samar da ainihin (ta hanyar da hasken ke yaduwa), da kuma cladding (sashen waje na waveguide), wanda kuma ya ƙunshi LED (diode mai haske) da kuma photodiode.
Da yawan gurɓacewar hannun prosthetic, ƙarin haske yana ɓacewa ta ainihin. Wannan asarar haske mai canzawa, kamar yadda photodiode ya gano, shine abin da ke ba prosthesis damar "hankali" kewayenta.
"Idan babu haske da ya ɓace lokacin da muka lanƙwasa prosthesis, ba za mu sami wani bayani game da yanayin firikwensin ba," in ji Shepherd. "Yawan asarar ya dogara da yadda ake lankwasa shi."
Ƙungiya ta yi amfani da prosthesis na optoelectronic don yin ayyuka daban-daban, ciki har da kamawa da bincike don duka nau'i da nau'i. Mafi mahimmanci, hannun yana iya duba tumatir uku kuma ya ƙayyade, ta hanyar laushi, wanda shine mafi girma.
Zhao ya ce, wannan fasaha tana da damar amfani da yawa fiye da na'urorin da ake amfani da su, ciki har da na'urori masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta, wadanda Shepherd ya bincika tare da su. Mason Peck, Mataimakin farfesa na injiniyan injiniya da sararin samaniya, don amfani da su wajen binciken sararin samaniya.
Shepherd ya ce, "Wannan aikin ba shi da ra'ayi mai mahimmanci," in ji Shepherd, yana magana game da haɗin gwiwa tare da Peck, "amma idan muna da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, za mu iya saka idanu a ainihin lokacin da canjin siffar yayin konewa (ta hanyar ruwa electrolysis) da kuma samar da mafi kyawun tsarin aiki don yin. yana tafiya da sauri.”
Aiki na gaba a kan raƙuman raƙuman gani a cikin injiniyoyi masu laushi za su mayar da hankali kan ƙara ƙarfin hankali, a wani ɓangare ta hanyar buga 3-D mafi hadaddun sifofin firikwensin, da kuma haɗawa da ilmantarwa na na'ura a matsayin hanyar ƙaddamar da sigina daga ƙara yawan na'urori masu auna firikwensin. "A yanzu," in ji Shepherd, "yana da wuya a gano inda tabawa ke fitowa."
Wannan aikin ya sami goyan bayan tallafi daga Ofishin Rundunar Sojan Sama na Binciken Kimiyya, kuma an yi amfani da shi Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Cornell NanoScale da Cibiyar Cornell don Binciken Kayayyaki, duka biyun suna samun tallafi daga Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Kasa.
- Tom Fleischman ne adam wata, Jami'ar Cornell