A al'adance, an ɗauka cewa noman abinci yana haifar da asarar bambance-bambancen halittu da mummunan tasiri akan yanayin muhalli. Duk da haka, wani sabon bincike daga masu bincike a jami'o'i da yawa, ciki har da Jami'ar Texas a Austin, ya yi watsi da wannan zato, yana nuna cewa lambuna na al'umma da gonakin birane suna da tasiri mai kyau ga nau'in halittu, yanayin muhalli na gida da kuma jin dadin mutanen da ke aiki a cikin su.
Nazarin, wanda aka buga a Haruffa Ecology, ya dubi al'ummar birane 28 gidãjen Aljanna a fadin California sama da shekaru biyar da ƙididdigewa bambancin rayuwa a cikin shuke-shuke da dabbobi, da kuma yanayin muhalli ayyuka kamar pollination, carbon sequestration, abinci samar, kwari da kuma jin dadin mutum.
"Muna so mu tantance ko akwai wasu sauye-sauye dangane da bambancin halittu ko kuma tasiri kan aikin tsarin halittu," in ji Shalene Jha, wata mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin halitta wacce ita ce jagorar marubucin kan takarda. “Abin da muka gano shi ne, waɗannan lambunan, waɗanda ke ba da albarkatu masu yawa na abinci mai gina jiki da haɓaka jin daɗi ga masu lambu, suma suna tallafawa nau'ikan nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi masu ban mamaki. Nasara ce.”
Zato da masana kimiyya suka yi a baya game da mummunan tasirin samar da abinci a kan halittun halittu kusan gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan manyan masana'antun noma na ƙauye waɗanda ke yin noma iri ɗaya ko biyu kawai na amfanin gona, galibi a ma'auni mai yawa. Lambunan al'umma na birni, lambuna masu zaman kansu, da gonakin birane da gonakin gonaki sukan shuka nau'ikan tsire-tsire a ƙananan yankuna. Wannan sabon binciken shi ne na farko da ya binciko illolin lambunan birane a fadin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu da ayyukan muhalli.
"An kiyasta cewa nan da shekarar 2030, kusan kashi 60% na al'ummar duniya za su zauna a birane," in ji Jha. “Kuma gonakin birane da lambuna a halin yanzu suna samar da kusan kashi 15% -20% na wadatar abincinmu, don haka suna da mahimmanci wajen magance kalubalen rashin daidaiton abinci. Abin da muke gani shi ne, lambunan birane suna ba da muhimmiyar dama don tallafawa nau'ikan halittu da samar da abinci na gida."
Binciken ya kuma gano cewa zaɓin da masu lambu ke yi na iya yin tasiri mai yawa akan yanayin muhallin su. Misali, dasa bishiyoyi a wajen gadajen amfanin gona na iya karuwa Tsarin carbon ba tare da iyakancewa ba pollinators ko rage yawan abinci daga inuwa mai yawa. Kuma ciyawa kawai a cikin gadaje amfanin gona zai iya taimakawa inganta ayyukan carbon na ƙasa, tare da guje wa mummunan tasiri akan sarrafa kwari da masu pollinators.
Monika Egerer, Peter Bichier, Hamutahl Cohen, Stacy M. Philpott da Azucena Lucatero na UC Santa Cruz, Heidi Liere na Jami'ar Seattle da Brenda Lin na CSIRO Land and Water Flagship a Ostiraliya sun kasance mawallafin binciken.