#Eggplant #Agriculture #Farin noma #Noma #IntegratedPestManagement #Tsarin ƙasa #Girbi #kwari da Cututtuka
Eggplant, wanda kuma aka sani da aubergine ko brinjal, kayan lambu ne mai dacewa kuma mai dadi wanda aka yi girma shekaru aru-aru. Duk da haka, samar da ingantaccen amfanin gona na eggplants yana buƙatar ilimi da ƙwarewa. Wannan labarin yana ba da cikakken jagora ga samar da eggplant, yana rufe komai daga shuka zuwa girbi.
Eggplants wani muhimmin amfanin gona ga manoma da yawa a duniya. A cewar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO), noman kwai a duniya a shekarar 2019 ya haura tan miliyan 54. Kasar Sin ce ta fi kowace kasa samar, sai Indiya da Masar.
Don samar da eggplants masu inganci, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar nau'in da ya dace. Akwai nau'ikan eggplants iri-iri da yawa, kowannensu yana da halayensa da buƙatun girma. Jami'ar California Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR) tana ba da jagora mai taimako don zaɓar nau'ikan nau'ikan eggplant dangane da dalilai kamar girman 'ya'yan itace, siffar, da launi.
Da zarar kun zaɓi nau'in eggplant ɗin ku, yana da mahimmanci don shirya ƙasa daidai. Eggplants suna bunƙasa a cikin ruwa mai kyau, ƙasa mai dausayi tare da pH tsakanin 5.5 da 6.5. Jami'ar Florida IFAS Extension tana ba da shawarar ƙara kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, kamar takin ko taki, don haɓaka haihuwa da riƙe ruwa.
Eggplants amfanin gona ne na lokacin dumi wanda ke buƙatar yawan hasken rana da zafi don girma. Ya kamata a dasa su bayan sanyi na ƙarshe a yankinku, yawanci a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin rani. Jami'ar Minnesota Extension ta ba da shawarar shuka eggplants a cikin layuka da ke tsakanin ƙafa 2 zuwa 3, tare da inci 18 zuwa 24 tsakanin tsire-tsire.
Eggplants suna da saurin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka iri-iri, gami da beetles ƙuma, aphids, da verticillium wilt. Haɗin dabarun sarrafa kwari (IPM) na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa waɗannan matsalolin yayin da ake rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari. Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst tana ba da kyakkyawan jagora ga IPM don samar da kwai.
Girbin ƙwai a lokacin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don samun amfanin gona mai inganci. A cewar Jami'ar Illinois Extension, eggplants suna shirye don girbi lokacin da suka girma, mai sheki, da ƙarfi. Ƙwayoyin da ba su da girma na iya zama masu ɗaci ko haɓaka iri masu tauri.
Samar da amfanin gona mai nasara na eggplants yana buƙatar shiri da hankali da hankali ga daki-daki. Ta hanyar zabar iri iri, shirya ƙasa daidai, kula da kwari da cututtuka, da girbi a lokacin da ya dace, manoma da ƙwararrun aikin gona za su iya samar da ƙwai masu inganci masu daɗi da gina jiki.