Jiragen saman…
Idan kuna tunanin kiwo, kuna iya tunanin jirage marasa matuka (ƙudan zuma maza).
Amma idan kuna tunanin noma - musamman ayyukan noma masu dorewa a cikin karni na 21 - yakamata kuyi tunanin mahimmancin mutummutumi na iska.
Wadannan jirage marasa matuka sun yi alkawarin yin tasiri sosai kan aikin noma mai dorewa na karni na 21.
Lallai, sabon takardar bita da aka buga, “Drones: Ƙirƙirar Fasaha don Amfani a Madaidaicin Gudanar da Kwari,” wanda ke fitowa a cikin Journal of Economic Entomology, yakamata a karanta. Aikin ƙungiyar masana kimiyya ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai mutum huɗu, gami da UC Davis masanin ilimin halitta Elvira de Lange, yana daya daga cikin irinsa na farko da aka yi takaitaccen tarihin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya kan yadda ake amfani da jirage marasa matuka na noma wajen magance kwari.
De Lange, wanda ya hada tawagar marubutan, ya ce ayyukan noma mai dorewa a karni na 21 ya kamata su kara dogaro da jirage marasa matuka da sauran fasahohin zamani.
A wajen bayar da shawarar bukatar ƙarin bincike, marubutan sun ce jirage marasa matuki suna zama wani muhimmin sashi na daidaitaccen maganin kwari, daga gano kwari zuwa sarrafa su.
A cikin bitar tasu, sun jaddada “yadda dorewar sarrafa kwari a aikin noma na ƙarni na 21 zai dogara kacokan akan sabbin fasahohin zamani, da kuma yadda wannan yanayin zai haifar da haɓakar buƙatar haɗin gwiwar bincike mai ɗorewa tsakanin masana aikin gona, masanan halittu, masu shirye-shiryen software, da injiniyoyi. ”
"Muna ba da shawarar sadarwa mai yawa da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masana kimiyya daga fannoni daban-daban, masu haɓakawa, ƙwararrun masana'antu, da masu noman kasuwanci don isa ga mafi kyawun damar drones don taimakawa tare da sarrafa kwari da sarrafa kwari," in ji De Lange, marubucin da ya dace kuma abokin karatun digiri a cikin Christian Nansen Lab, UC Davis Sashen Ilimin Halittu da Nematology.
Takardar ta shafi amfani da jirage marasa matuka tare da na'urorin gano nesa, don gano matsalolin kwari daga iska. Yana kira da a ƙara amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa, don samar da mafita kamar fesa magungunan kashe qwari da sakin kwayoyin halitta. "Yawancin wallafe-wallafen sun shafi fahimtar nesa," in ji de Lange.
"Drones ya zama makawa ga shirye-shiryen IPM a Brazil, musamman don Kula da Halittu," in ji marubucin marubuci kuma masanin ilimin halitta. Fernando Iost Filho na Sashen Nazarin Halittu da Acarology, Jami'ar Sao Paulo, Brazil. “A halin yanzu ana amfani da su wajen sakin kwayoyin cuta a cikin dubban kadada na amfanin gona, irin su rake da waken soya, in ji Filho, wani tsohon dalibin musanya a UC Davis. "Amfani da su don kula da lafiyar amfanin gona kuma ana sa ran zai karu a filayen Brazil a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa."
Filho dai ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na biyu a kan jirage marasa matuka da kuma gano nesa a Brazil kuma a halin yanzu yana karatun digiri na uku. Marubutan hadin gwiwa, ban da De Lange, injiniya ne kuma kwararre kan sadarwa ta jirgin sama Zaodan Kong, Mataimakin farfesa, UC Davis Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; kuma kwararre na nesa Wieke Heldens na Cibiyar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Jamus, Cibiyar Kula da Duniya, Jamus.
"Ganowar barkewar cutar da wuri da aikace-aikacen jiyya suna da mahimmanci ga ingantaccen sarrafa kwaro, yana ba da damar aiwatar da yanke shawara na gudanarwa kafin a samu ingantaccen tsari da asarar amfanin gona," marubutan sun rubuta a cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin su. “Sabbin kwaro yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana iya samun cikas ta rashin amintattun dabaru ko dabaru masu inganci. Don haka, muna jayayya cewa muhimmin ƙalubalen bincike da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka ɗorewa na sarrafa kwari a cikin aikin noma na zamani yana haɓaka da haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin sa ido kan amfanin gona."
Jiragen sama marasa matuka na iya kai hari kan barkewar kwaro ko wuraren zafi a cikin gonakin gona da gonaki, irin su ƙwaro dankalin turawa a cikin filayen dankalin turawa ko aphid mai sukari a cikin dawa, in ji masanan. “Kwarin ba su da tabbas kuma ba a rarraba su daidai gwargwado. Ingantattun fasahohin aikin gona, kamar amfani da jirage marasa matuki, na iya ba da damammaki masu mahimmanci don sarrafa kwaro (IPM)."
De Lange, ya lura cewa ana ƙara amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa a aikin gona don dalilai daban-daban, ya yi sharhi: "Sau da yawa ana sanye su da fasaha ta nesa, don tsinkayar amfanin gona, kimanta yanayin yanayin amfanin gona, ko kuma halayen ƙasa."
"Akwai dama da dama don amfani da jirage marasa matuka wajen sarrafa kwari," in ji ta. “Jirgin jiragen sama marasa matuki, sanye take da fasahar sanin nesa, na iya taimakawa gano wuraren da kwari ke fama da su. Kwaro galibi ƙanana ne da wuya a same su, don haka ganowa kai tsaye, ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yadda tsire-tsire ke haskaka haske, yana da yuwuwar gano kwarin tun da farko, a yi magani da wuri, kuma a kiyaye lalacewa.”
"Bugu da ƙari, jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, sanye take da ingantattun na'urori masu feshi ko masu rarraba kwayoyin halitta, na iya amfani da mafita na gida. Fesa magungunan kashe qwari daidai inda ake buƙata zai rage buƙatun fesa gaba ɗaya filin. Ingantacciyar rarraba kwayoyin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta zai sa su zama madadin gasa ga magungunan kashe kwari."
De Lange ya kara da cewa, "ana iya sanya na'urar gano nesa a kan jiragen sama da tauraron dan adam. Koyaya, jirage marasa matuki suna tashi ƙasa, suna ƙara ƙudurin sararin samaniya, kuma suna sanya girgije ya zama ƙasa da matsala. Gabaɗaya sun fi arha kuma ana iya yin jigilar su akai-akai. Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da ke ƙasa, jirage marasa matuki na iya rufe ƙasa da yawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci."
Marubutan sun ce za a kuma iya amfani da jirage marasa matuka don rarraba kwari da ba su gurbata muhalli, da kuma taimakawa wajen rigakafin barkewar kwari, maimakon samar da mafita kawai ga matsalolin da ake da su.
De Lange, wanda ke da digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai daga Jami'ar Neuchâtel, Switzerland, ya shiga dakin binciken Nansen a cikin 2016. Bukatun bincikenta sun haɗa da hulɗar tsirrai-kwari, haɗaɗɗen sarrafa kwaro, ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai da ingantaccen aikin gona. Ta yi yawancin bincikenta akan strawberries na California.
- Kathy Keatley Garvey, Jami'ar California ANR
Hoto a saman: Jirgin mara matuki a saman filin strawberry na Santa Monica. Jiragen sama marasa matuki na iya kai hari kan barkewar kwaro ko wuraren zafi a cikin gawarwakin gonaki da gonakin gona, in ji masanan. Hoto: Elvira de Lange