Masu leken asiri maras matuki sun shirya don yin madaidaicin aikin noma har ma da madaidaici yayin da fasahar jirgin sama ta ci gaba.
Tuni dai jirage masu saukar ungulu suka isa gonaki, a cewar hukumar kula da sufurin jiragen sama ta tarayya. Kashi 2017 cikin 48 na duk jiragen da aka yi rajistar kasuwanci a cikin 28 an yi amfani da su don aikin noma, wanda ya sa ya zama na uku mafi girma don amfani da injunan da ke bayan gidaje / daukar hoto, a kashi XNUMX, da binciken masana'antu, a kashi XNUMX cikin ɗari.
Noma na musamman wani yanki ne na wannan ingantacciyar kasuwar noma don jirage marasa matuki. Kamfanonin jiragen sama irin su kamfanin Delair-Tech na Faransa da kuma dan kwangilar jiragen sama na Amurka AeroVironment suna tallata jiragen sama marasa matuki na firikwensin su ga ƙwararrun masu samar da amfanin gona, kuma Arewa maso yamma kasuwa ce ta manufa.
MicaSense na Seattle, wanda ke siyar da firikwensin jirgi mara matuki da ake kira RedEdge-M, yana halartar tarurrukan masu noma kamar taron masu noman itace da ya gudana a Kennewick, Washington. A waccan taron, Shugaban MicaSense Gabriel Torres ya tattauna nazarin sarrafa kayan amfanin gona da kamfanin ke aiki akai.
"Muna ci gaba da yin aiki tare da manoma da shugabannin masana'antu don gano yadda hotuna za su iya yin tasiri ga wani aikin gudanarwa ko taimakawa wajen warware wasu batutuwa game da yanke shawara," in ji MicaSense Daraktan Harkokin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci Manal Elarab. "Mun kuduri aniyar ci gaba da binciko sabbin hanyoyin da za a bi don amfani da nazarin hoto a cikin shawarwarin gona na yau da kullun."
Masana ilimin kimiyya, suma, suna nazarin amfani da jirage marasa matuka don amfanin gona na musamman. Labaran Masu Kayayyakin Kayan lambu a cikin Fabrairu 2018 ya rubuta game da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester da Jami'ar Cornell don haɓaka shirin mara matuki don gano kamuwa da ƙwayar wake ga fari. A Jami'ar Jihar Penn, masu bincike guda biyu - injiniyanci da masu aikin lambu - suna aiki a kan shirin jirgi maras nauyi don ƙayyade girman furen kowane mutum da nauyin amfanin gona a cikin 'ya'yan itace.
Daga sojoji zuwa waken soya
Haɓaka fasahar jiragen sama marasa matuƙa suna ketare daga wannan yanki zuwa wancan. AeroVironment's ag drone Quantix na farko da ya gabaci shi ne wani jirgi mara matuki na soja mai suna Pointer wanda Sojojin Amurka da Marine Corps suka yi amfani da shi shekaru 30 da suka gabata. Kamfanin ya zama babban mai samar da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka bayan 9/11 da kuma lokacin yakin Gulf kuma yana da shirye-shirye guda biyar na rikodin zuwa yau tare da DOD.
Kodayake Quantix ana nufin binciken tsire-tsire ne maimakon abokan gaba, tunanin tashi da saukarsa a tsaye ya fito ne daga shirin soja. Jirgin mara matuki mai tsayin daka yana harbawa daga matsayi a tsaye, kamar jirgin sama, amma yana fitowa kamar jirgin sama don dogon share fage na hotunan amfanin gona.
"Hakika shine mafi kyawun duniyoyin biyu," in ji Daraktan Tallace-tallacen AeroVironment Mark Dufau.
Fasaha na ci gaba da haɓakawa kuma kamfanoni suna samun sabbin abubuwa waɗanda ke aiki mafi kyau don ingantaccen aikin noma. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahar fahimtar nesa, Indexididdigar Bambancin Tsirrai (NDVI), ta fito ne daga shirye-shiryen tauraron dan adam a cikin 1960s da 1970s, in ji ƙwararren masaniyar aikace-aikace na MicaSense Remote Sensing John Sulik.
"Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za ku iya yi," in ji Sulik. “Yawancin tsofaffin dabarun fahimtar nesa ba su dace da waɗannan amfanin gona masu daraja ba. Ba sa ba ku labari mai yawa kamar yadda kuke buƙatar sani.”
MicaSense's RedEdge-M yana fasalta kyamarori biyar waɗanda suka auna ja, kore, shuɗi, kusa-infrared da gefen ja.
"Hotunan da yawa sun nuna kayan aiki ne mai matukar fahimta idan aka zo neman filin ku don damuwa," in ji Elarab. "Ƙa'idodin da aka gina daga taimakon hotuna masu yawa don fahimtar bambancin da ke cikin filin ku kuma don haka ya jagoranci ku zuwa wuraren damuwa don ku tattara samfurori na wakilci wanda zai iya rage dalilin damuwa."
Wasu ƴan na'urori masu auna firikwensin drone iri-iri suna kan kasuwa don masu noma. Senera da ke Minneapolis a ranar 28 ga Maris ya sanar da cewa yana siyar da firikwensin gimbaled na AGX710 don amfani da toshe-da-wasa tare da DJI-alama Matrice 200 Series drones. Shugaban Sentera Eric Taipale ya ce wasan ya sa ya zama "mai sauƙi ga abokan cinikinmu don tattara bayanan da za a iya aiwatarwa daga filin."
"Abokan cinikinmu suna samar da nau'ikan samfuran ƙididdiga daban-daban, kuma suna amfani da kayan aikin bincike na atomatik a cikin aikace-aikacen da yawa daban-daban a cikin aikin gona, gandun daji da kare muhalli," in ji shi. Senera's firikwensin yana kunshe ne da shekara guda na samun damar yin amfani da dandamali na nazarin software da ake kira FieldAgent wanda ke ba da bayanan binciken amfanin gona don taimakawa gano cututtuka, kwaro, da sauran matsi, gano gazawa, da tantance yanayin abinci mai gina jiki.
Jiragen sama marasa matuka kuma suna tafiya mai nisa. A Faransa, Delair's DT18 ag drone an amince da shi don yawo sama da layin gani, ko aikin BVLOS (FFA na Amurka yana buƙatar ƙetare don tashi BVLOS). Ana iya sarrafa DT18 ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta waya mara waya ta 3G don haka ana iya tafiyar da ita tsawon mil ba tare da hasumiya mai sarrafawa ba.
"A cikin jirgi ɗaya za ku iya rufe fiye da kadada 2,500 lokacin da ka'idoji suka ba ku damar tashi sama," in ji Manajan Haɓaka Noma da Gandun daji Lenaic Grignard. "Muna daidaita tsarin mu ta yadda yawan amfanin amfanin gona ya yi yawa sosai."
Fadi ya isa kallo
Jiragen saukar jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu suna da tsada kuma galibi suna da amfani don bincika wuraren da ke da wuyar isa. To girman girman gona nawa ne domin a tabbatar da kashe kudi?
Masu zaman kansu, duka Delair's Grignard da AeroVironment's Dufau sun fito da adadi iri ɗaya: kadada 1,000.
"A Amurka, lokacin da kuka fara samun fiye da kadada 1,000, ya fara zama mai ban sha'awa," in ji Grignard. Dufau ya ce a bakin iyakar kadada dubu, "masu noma ta tsakiyar Yamma sun fara ganin amfani a cikin tsarin."
Amma duka biyun sun yi sauri don ƙara cewa ta hanyoyi da yawa amfanin gona na musamman sun bambanta da amfanin gona na jere kuma suna nuna babban riba kan saka hannun jari.
"Hakika yana zuwa ga kudaden shiga kowace kadada," in ji Dufau. “Lokacin da kuka shiga cikin kwatancen tsakanin amfanin gonakin layin Midwestern da kuma amfanin gona na musamman, waɗannan lambobin suna canzawa sosai saboda yawan ƙoƙarin da kudaden shiga da ke cikin haɗari tare da amfanin gona na musamman da masara da wake. Wannan adadin ya yi ƙanƙanta sosai yayin da kuke shiga cikin amfanin gona na musamman."
Misali ɗaya, in ji shi, shine masu noman inabi waɗanda aka san su da tura jirage marasa matuƙa na ƙarshe, saurin duba gonar inabin da ƙanƙanta da kadada biyar.
"Ba lallai ba ne, 'Me kuka samo?" Dufau ya ce. “Abin da ba ku samu ba ne ke ba ku wannan matakin tabbacin cewa kuna yin abin da za ku iya don sarrafa shi. ... (Ba kawai) za su iya gano matsaloli a can ba amma kuma za su iya yin barci mafi kyau da dare da sanin cewa babu wata matsala."
Ƙimar amfanin gona mafi girma shine dalili ɗaya da kamfanonin jiragen sama suke tunanin masu noman amfanin gona na musamman sun fi saya a cikin fasaha.
Grignard ya ce "Yawan karbewa yana tafiyar hawainiya a cikin amfanin gona a jere, kuma daya daga cikin dalilan wannan shi ne idan aka dubi farashin masara, ba ku da karfin saka hannun jari don zuwa irin wannan fasahar," in ji Grignard.
Elarab, na MicaSense, ya ce masu noman ƙwararrun suna ganin sun fi saurin daidaitawa da fasahar.
"Hannun amfanin gona masu daraja sun kasance farkon masu daidaita fasahar, kamar gonakin inabi da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da makamantansu," in ji ta. “Har ila yau, akwai sha’awar sauran amfanin gona kamar kofi da kayan lambu.
"Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar madaidaicin ag kuma akwai nau'ikan tallafi daban-daban a cikin wasu amfanin gona. Kasuwar tana karuwa kowace shekara. Akwai mutane da yawa da ke ƙara jin daɗi game da haɗa hotuna a cikin shawarar gudanarwarsu, don haka tabbas akwai ci gaba da yawa da ke gudana. "
Daga bayanai zuwa yanke shawara
Yin bayanan jirgin sama da hotuna masu dacewa da shawarar gudanarwar manoma yana da mahimmanci.
"Na'urori masu aunawa suna ƙirƙirar bayanai," in ji MicaSense's Sulik. “Abin da manoma ke bukata shine bayani. Don haka, abin da masana'antar ke buƙata ita ce hanyar da ta dace don rage bayanai zuwa bayanan aiki masu dacewa. Abin da ya kamata a daidaita shi ke nan. Kuma muna aiki akan hakan. "
Grignard, na Delair, ya kira aikin da bayanai “kwalba.”
"Manufar gabaɗayan mafita ita ce a cire wasu daga cikin ɓarna tare da bayanai a matakai daban-daban na aikin, daga saye zuwa sarrafa bayanai - wannan ba nauyi ba ne na mai ba da shawara kan amfanin gona ko mai shuka."
Ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin nazari yana ƙirƙirar taswira don masu noma su yi tunani.
"Muna tantance lafiyar shuka da shukar na bukatar abubuwan gina jiki sannan mu kirkiro taswira," in ji ta. "Wannan taswirar za a iya kimarta don takardar magani, misali, taswirar nitrogen." Delair's DT18Ag shima yana da ikon kirga tsire-tsire ko gano gibi a cikin shuka.
Amma Grignard ya kara da cewa algorithms ba girman-daya ba ne kuma sakamakon zai bambanta tsakanin amfanin gona. Tare da tsire-tsire na strawberry, alal misali, algorithm na kirga tsire-tsire yana aiki da kyau a farkon matakai, amma daga baya algorithm ya kasa yayin da tsire-tsire ke girma kuma canopies sun fara shiga tsakani.
AeroVironment yana aiki akan tsarin kirga tsire-tsire don amfanin gonakin 'ya'yan itace, wanda Dufau ya ce a cikin Maris ya kusan watanni biyu zuwa uku daga kasancewa a matsayin ƙari ga tsarin na yanzu.
Masu amfani da ƙima masu sauye-sauye wata fasaha ce da ke haɓaka da sauri cikin ingantaccen aikin noma. Yiwuwar amfani da bayanan mara matuki, in ji Dufau, shine sanya bayanan da za a iya canjawa wuri daga jirgin zuwa na'ura mai canzawa na taki, magungunan kashe qwari da/ko magungunan kashe qwari. Bayanai na drone akan tsire-tsire ɗaya sun haɗe zuwa na'ura mai canzawa wanda ke nufin tsire-tsire ɗaya kawai suna samun sinadarai da suke buƙata.
Amma duk inda sabuwar fasaha ta kai ga, Dufau ya ce taswirorin da aka kera da jirage za su zama daidai nan gaba.
"Za ku je ganye-zuwa-leaf, reshe zuwa reshe, a ƙarshe kuna kimanta lafiyar shuka a can," in ji shi. "Waɗannan nau'ikan taswirar madaidaicin taswira za su yi kyau na dogon lokaci. Kuma ina ganin irin wannan nau’in fasahar ne kawai ke tafiyar da wasu yankunan, musamman a cikin amfanin gona na musamman da ba a aiwatar da su ba.”
- Stephen Kloosterman, VGN Mataimakin Edita
Babban hoto: AeroVironment Quantix mai kafaffen fiffike yana da fasalin tashin hankali da saukowa a tsaye kamar na jirgin sama mara matuki.