Wani tsarin hangen nesa na na'ura wanda zai iya ganowa da gano furannin apple a cikin gungu na furanni a kan bishiyoyi a cikin gonakin gonaki masu binciken jihar Penn ne suka kirkiro shi - wani muhimmin mataki na farko na haɓaka tsarin pollination na mutum-mutumi - a cikin wani bincike na farko-na-irin sa. .
Furannin apple suna girma a rukuni na furanni huɗu zuwa shida waɗanda ke haɗe da rassan, kuma furen tsakiyar ana kiransa furen sarki. Wannan furen yana buɗewa da farko a cikin gungu kuma yawanci yana girma mafi girma 'ya'yan itace. Don haka, ita ce mabuɗin makasudin tsarin pollination na mutum-mutumi, a cewar mai bincike Long He, mataimakin farfesa a fannin aikin gona da na noma. nazarin halittu injiniya.
An dogara da pollination na kwari bisa ga al'ada don yawan amfanin apple. Duk da haka, shaidu sun nuna cewa ayyukan pollination, duka daga kudan zuma na gida da na daji, ba su dace da karuwar buƙatun ba, in ji shi. Sakamakon cuta rushewar mulkin mallaka, Kudan zuma a duk duniya suna ta mutuwa cikin tashin hankali. A sakamakon haka, masu kera suna buƙatar madadin hanyoyin pollination.
Wannan binciken shi ne na baya-bayan nan da kungiyar bincike ta He's ta gudanar a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Aikin Gona, wadda ta himmatu wajen bunkasa tsarin mutum-mutumi don aiwatar da ayyukan noma masu matukar kokari kamar tsinken naman kaza, dasa bishiyar tuffa da yayyan kore-ya'yan itace. Babban makasudin wannan aikin, in ji shi, shi ne samar da tsarin hangen nesa mai zurfi na ilmantarwa wanda zai iya gano daidai da gano furannin sarki a cikin rassan bishiyoyi.
"Muna tsammanin wannan sakamakon zai samar da bayanan asali don tsarin pollination na mutum-mutumi, wanda zai haifar da ingantaccen pollination na apples don haɓaka yawan amfanin gonaki masu inganci," in ji shi. "A Pennsylvania, har yanzu muna iya dogara ga ƙudan zuma don gurbata amfanin gona na apple, amma a wasu yankuna da cutar kudan zuma ta fi tsanani, masu noman na iya buƙatar wannan fasaha nan da nan."
Xinyang Mu, dalibin digiri na uku a Sashen Injiniyan Halittar Noma, shi ne ya jagoranci nazarin furen sarki. Mu ya yi amfani da Mask R-CNN — sanannen shirin kwamfuta mai zurfin ilmantarwa wanda ke aiwatar da rarrabuwar matakin pixel don gano abubuwan da wasu abubuwa suka rufe su - don ganowa da gano furannin sarki a cikin tsarin hangen nesa na na'ura.
Don gina ƙirar gano tushen tushen Mask R-CNN, ya ɗauki ɗaruruwan hotuna gungu na furen apple. Sa'an nan kuma ya ɓullo da wani sarki flower segmentation algorithm don gano da kuma gano wuri na sarki furanni daga cikin raw dataset na apple flower images. An gudanar da binciken ne a Cibiyar Bincike da Tsawaita 'Ya'yan itace ta Jihar Penn, Biglerville.
Gala da zuma apple an zaɓi iri don gwaje-gwaje. An dasa bishiyoyin gwajin a cikin 2014 tare da tazarar bishiyar kusan ƙafa 5 (Gala) da ƙafa 6 1/2 (Honeycrisp). An horar da waɗannan bishiyun a cikin gine-ginen dogayen riguna, tare da matsakaicin tsayi kusan ƙafa 13. An ɗora tsarin sayan hoto tare da kyamara akan abin hawa mai amfani da aka yi tsakanin layuka na itace.
Horar da tsarin hangen na'ura don gano furannin sarki yana da kalubale, Mu ya nuna, saboda girmansu, launi da siffarsu iri daya ne kamar furannin gefe a cikin gungu, kuma furannin sarki galibi suna rufewa da furannin kewaye saboda matsayinsu na tsakiya.
Don cika buƙatun canja wurin koyo don horarwar ƙirar Mask R-CNN, an yi wa ɗanyen hotuna lakabi a cikin aji biyu da aka riga aka ayyana: furanni ɗaya da furanni masu ɓoye. Don haɓaka daidaito, tsarin bayanan horo ya haɓaka da sau huɗu ta amfani da hanyoyin haɓaka bayanai, Mu ya bayyana.
"Don bambance furannin sarki da furanni na gefe, mafi girman furen tsakiyar cikin kowane gungun furanni an yi niyya, ko kuma a keɓe shi," in ji shi. “Tsarin hangen nesa ta atomatik ya gano tarin furanni daban-daban dangane da tsarin taswirar yawan furanni mai girma biyu. A cikin kowane gungun furanni da aka gano, fure-ko abin rufe fuska-a mafi girman matsayi an ƙaddara azaman furen sarki.
A cikin binciken da aka buga kwanan nan a Fasahar Noma Mai Wayo, Masu binciken sun ba da rahoton babban matakin daidaitaccen gano furen fure wanda ya haifar da Mu's algorithm. Idan aka kwatanta da ma'auni da aka ɗauka da hannu da masu binciken ke gano furannin sarki da ido-wanda ake kira ma'aunin gaskiya na ƙasa ta masu binciken-na'urar hangen furen furen na'ura ya bambanta daga 98.7% zuwa 65.6%.