Yawan jama'ar zumar zuma a duniya na cikin wani babban koma-baya wanda har yanzu kimiyya ya kasa komawa baya. Wasu masana kimiyya suna aiki a kan hanyoyin magance masu laifi - cututtuka, kwari, samun kudan zuma da magungunan kashe qwari - yayin da wasu ke neman madadin pollination na zuma.
Ƙungiyoyin masana kimiyya guda uku suna duba injiniyoyin mutum-mutumi a matsayin wata hanya ta rage dogaro da pollination na zuma. Biyu daga cikinsu sun kera kanana, robobi masu tashi sama, yayin da na uku ke kera wani mutum-mutumi mai tayaya.
Dukkan na'urori guda uku samfurori ne. Ayyukan sararin samaniya sun riga sun ɗauki reshe, yayin da samfurin tushen ƙasa har yanzu yana cikin lokacin ƙirar sa na farko. Masu binciken Jami'ar Harvard sun fara aikinsu shekaru 10 da suka gabata, yayin da masana kimiyya a Japan Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Masana'antu ta ƙasa kwanan nan ya buɗe na'urar pollinator mara waya wanda ke tattarawa da adana pollen.
Ta hanyar yin amfani da hanyar da ta fi dacewa, ƙungiyar ladabtarwa da yawa na Jami'ar West Virginia (WVU) tana zana mutum-mutumi mai cin gashin kansa, mai ƙafafu wanda ke da ikon ganowa, ganowa da pollin furen kowane fure.
Jirgin Jafananci
An sanar da shi a cikin Chem, wata jarida da aka yi nazari a kan takwarorinsu, na'urar ta Japan ta ƙunshi ƙaramin maras amfani mara waya mara waya tare da bel ɗin gashin doki da ke makale a ƙarƙashinsa. Ita ce kawai na'urar mutum-mutumi da ta yi pollination a zahiri shuka - a wannan yanayin, Lily Jafananci a cikin gwajin gwaji.
Eijiro Miyako, mai tuntuɓar jagorar aikin, ya lulluɓe bel ɗin mutum-mutumi da gel ɗin ruwa na ionic. ILGs sun kasance masu ɗaure na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun da matsananciyar yanayi, in ji shi. Hakanan suna da ɗorewa kuma suna jure ruwa.
Ginin ya ƙara sararin saman da ake amfani da bel ɗin, wanda ya taimaka masa wajen tattarawa da kuma riƙe adadin pollen da za a iya amfani da shi a lokacin jirgin. Jika na gel da kaddarorin lantarki suna rage yuwuwar lalacewar pollen lokacin da bel ɗin ya haɗu da stamens da pistils.
Miyako ya bayyana aikin tuka jirgi maras matuki don gurbata furanni a matsayin “mai wuyar gaske. Na yi imanin cewa wani nau'i na basirar wucin gadi (AI), GPS da kyamarori masu mahimmanci za su kasance da amfani sosai don haɓaka na'urori masu zuwa," in ji shi a cikin wata hira ta imel.
AI kuma na iya inganta halayen pollinating mara nauyi.
"Tarin kudan zuma na robotic AI na iya tantance mafi guntu hanyar zuwa furanni da kuma mafi kyawun hanyoyin pollination," in ji shi.
RoboBee na Harvard
Pollination aikace-aikace ɗaya ne kawai Jagoran binciken Jami'ar Harvard Robert Wood ana sa ran za a sami robot microelectronic. Shi da tawagarsa suna tunanin zai iya zama da amfani a ayyukan bincike-da-ceto.
Gina da RoboBee ba zai yiwu ba sai da suka kirkiri sabuwar hanyar kera. Wanda ake kira Pop-Up MEMS, littattafai masu tasowa da origami sun ba da wahayi. Tsarin yana amfani da ƙayyadadden tsari da naɗaɗɗen tsari a cikin firam ɗin da ke haɗa mutum-mutumi a cikin motsi ɗaya.
Kusan girman kwata na Amurka, RoboBee yana da milimita 2.4 tsayi kuma yayi nauyi ƙasa da oza 3.2. Yana tashi da ninkaya kuma yana iya kifewa a saman filaye, ta amfani da wutar lantarki. Na gaba, masu binciken Harvard suna so su gina "hive" don ƙudan zuma don sake cajin ikon su.
Itace tana tunanin RoboBees da aka tura cikin swarms, kama da wani nasu na ƙirƙira, Kilobots. Masu binciken Harvard suna amfani da waɗannan ƙanana, robots masu cin gashin kansu don bincika AI na gama-gari da halayen swarm.
Robotic rover
Samfurin WVU yana samun jigilar sa na mutum-mutumi daga ɗaliban injiniyan ƙirar ƙira da aka gina kuma aka yi amfani da su don cin nasarar Kalubalen Komawa Robot na 2016 na NASA. Dalibai sun tsara mutum-mutumi mai cin gashin kansa don yawo a cikin filin da kuma dawo da abubuwa ta hanyar amfani da fasaha kawai da ke iya aiki a cikin yanayin Martian ko wata.
Aikin wannan mutum-mutumi shine abin da babban mai bincikensa ya kira madaidaicin pollination.
"Ba ma sha'awar busa iska ko girgiza tsire-tsire don a gurbata su. Muna sha'awar mu'amala da furanni ɗaya, "in ji Yu Gu, WVU aerospace da injiniya mataimakin farfesa.
Gu da tawagarsa za su hau jerin lidar da kyamarori don ba da damar robotic hannu don gano kowane furanni, tantance yuwuwarsu da shafa pollen ga furanni masu kyau. Hakazalika da radar, lidar yana amfani da fitilun haske na laser - maimakon raƙuman sauti - don gano abubuwa.
WVU za ta gwada pollinator ta akan raspberries na greenhouse da blackberries. Ƙarfin gwada mutum-mutumi akan tsararrun berries a cikin shekara guda ya sa su yi amfani da rukunin cikin gida. Wannan shi ne kawai zagaye na farko na bincike; ƙarin ci gaba zai faru a cikin karatun na gaba.
"Muna so mu nuna cewa abu ne mai yiwuwa da farko," in ji Gu.
Kafin nan …
Entomologists a cikin Danforth Lab a Jami'ar Cornell yi imani ƙudan zuma na asali na iya kafaɗa wasu, kuma a wasu lokuta, duk buƙatun pollination na gonar lambu. Daraktan bincike da wayar da kan jama'a na dakin gwaje-gwaje, Maria van Dyke, ta ce akwai gonakin itatuwan New York da yawa wadanda ba sa hayar amya amma suna amfani da pollination na kudan zuma a maimakon haka.
Wannan na iya zama mahimmanci a yanzu, tunda kowane nau'in robot ɗin yana da aƙalla shekaru 10 daga sakin kasuwanci. Robot na Harvard har yanzu yana da alaƙa da tushen wutar lantarki, kuma tsarin jagorar robot na Japan zai iya cin gajiyar ƙari na GPS da hankali na wucin gadi.
Tawagar WVU ta Gu ba ta kammala shirin ta ba tukuna. Da zarar an ƙera samfuri, za su yi gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen greenhouse da gwada ingancin pollinated 'ya'yan itacen-robot akan 'ya'yan itacen da aka gurbata ta zahiri.
- David Weinstock, wakilin FGN