#ClimateChange #Agriculture #Dorewa #Forestry #CarbonSequestration #GlobalEmissions #ClimateAdaptation #Manoma #ClimateSolutions #Tasirin Muhalli #EcoFriendly Farming
Sauyin yanayi yana sake fasalin duniya, kuma tasirinsa ga aikin gona yana da yawa. A cewar Zdeněk Žalud na jami'ar Mendel da ke Brno, fannin aikin gona, ko da yake ke da alhakin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na hayaƙin da ake fitarwa a duniya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da iskar carbon, wanda hakan ya sa tasirin sa ya zama mai inganci. Yayin da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a Jamhuriyar Czech ke karuwa, sashen na fuskantar barazana. An yi hasashen shekarar 2023 za ta kasance mafi zafi a kasar, inda za a iya samun matsakaicin zafin jiki na digiri 9.7 a ma’aunin celcius, wanda ke jaddada gaggawar magance sauyin yanayi a harkar noma.
Žalud ya ba da haske game da hauhawar matsakaitan yanayin zafi, daga digiri 6.7 a ma'aunin celcius a tsakanin 1800 zuwa 1960 zuwa ma'aunin Celsius 8.7 a cikin karnin da muke ciki. Tare da wannan tashin ya zo da hauhawar ƙawancen ruwa, wanda ke haifar da yanayin fari. Jamhuriyar Czech, tana fitar da kusan kashi 0.5% na jimillar hayakiyar duniya, tana matsayi na 20 mafi girma a duk duniya da kuma na 5 a Tarayyar Turai. Yawan hayakin da ake fitarwa a kasar ya ninka na duniya sau hudu.
A Jamhuriyar Czech, noma yana ba da gudummawar kashi shida cikin dari ga jimillar hayaki, tare da sauran sassa, musamman makamashi da masana'antu, sune mafi rinjaye. Duk da haka, idan aka hade da gandun daji, yanayin yana ganin an rage kashi 27 cikin dari na hayaki ta hanyar photosynthesis. Žalud ya jaddada ingancin aikin noma a cikin ma'aunin hayaki na duniya. Ya kuma lura cewa sashin yana fitar da abubuwa daban-daban fiye da CO2, wanda ya zama ƴan tsiraru na hayaƙi mai gurbata yanayi.
Sauyin yanayi yana kawo ƙalubale ga noma da gandun daji. Ko da an cimma iyakar dumamar yanayi na yarjejeniyar Paris, ana hasashen yankin da fari ya shafa zai ninka. Shekaru 15 da suka gabata an ga fari ko da a cikin shekarun da suka saba da yanayin yanayi, wanda ya haifar da asara mai yawa a aikin gona, wanda ya kai CZK biliyan 11 a shekarar 2015. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin dazuzzuka ya kasance mai ban tsoro, tare da hayaƙi daga dazuzzukan da ke mutuwa yana ƙara wani sabon salo ga rikicin yanayi.
Don magance ƙawancewar ruwa da rage tasirin aikin noma, matakan da suka dace sun zama dole. Dorewa ya zama mabuɗin mayar da hankali, daidaitawa tare da ƙoƙarin duniya don ƙaddamar da lalata da kuma rufe masana'antar wutar lantarki. Matsalolin da ke tsakanin sauyin yanayi, noma, da gandun daji yana da sarkakiya, yana bukatar cikakken tsari don dorewar makoma.
Yayin da rikicin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, noma da gandun daji suna fitowa a matsayin waɗanda abin ya shafa da masu ceto. Daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi yayin rungumar ayyuka masu ɗorewa yana da mahimmanci. Ya kamata a amince da kyakkyawar rawar da waɗannan sassan za su iya takawa wajen sarrafa iskar carbon, kuma ya kamata a jajirce wajen samar da ayyukan noma masu juriya da yanayin muhalli.