Jagoran Bayanin Noma Bitter Gourd:
A yau, bari mu tattauna batun daci noma dabaru, tukwici, da dabaru tare da ayyukan noma na Karela.
Gabatarwa zuwa Gourd Bitter:
Sunan Botanical shine: Momordica charantia L. kuma sunan gida shine Karela - Hindi; Karli – Gujarati & Marathi, Paval, Kakara-Telugu. Bitter Gourd kuma an san shi da Bitter kankana a sauran sassan duniya. Daci yana daya daga cikin shahararrun kayan lambu a Indiya. Ana shuka shi sosai a ko'ina cikin Indiya; daci daci yana da kyaun magani shima.https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110836https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110838https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110840https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110842https://imasdk.googleapis.com/js/core/bridge3.510.1_ru.html#goog_1029110844
Iri-iri na Bitter Gourd a Indiya:
Co 1, MDU 1, COBgoH 1 (Hybrid), Arka Harit, Priya, da Preethi ana noma su.
Bukatar yanayi don samar da Gourd Bitter:
Galibi tsire-tsire na lokacin dumi, gourd mai ɗaci yana bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da ɗanɗano.
Mafi kyawun Ƙasa don Noman Gourd mai ɗaci:
Matsakaicin mafi kyau ga tsaba shine ƙasa mai dausayi mai kyau tare da pH daga 5.5 zuwa 6.7, wadatar da shi. kwayoyin halitta, kamar takin ko bushewa taki. Amma zai jure duk wani ƙasa da ke samar da tsarin magudanar ruwa mai kyau (sandy lom ƙasa, amma za ta yi girma a wuraren da ƙasa mafi talauci.) Ya kamata ya kasance a cikin yankin da ba shi da sanyi kuma zai fi son yanayin da zafin rana tsakanin 24 ° C da 35 ° C. Dole ne a shirya ƙasa da kyau ta ƙara Organic al'amari kafin dasa. Tsaba da aka jiƙa a cikin ruwa za su shuɗe da wuri. Yanayin zafin ƙasa don germination yana da aƙalla 20 ° C zuwa 25 ° C
Karanta: Nau'in Shirye-shiryen Kasa.
Yada Bitter Gourd:
Yadawa shine ta hanyar shuka kai tsaye da dasawa.
Shirye-shiryen Kasa don Dashen Gourd mai ɗaci:
Noma filin zuwa ƙanƙara mai kyau kuma a haƙa ramuka na 30cm x 30cm x 30cm girman a 2 x 1.5m kuma a samar da kwanduna.
Lokacin Shuka da Yawan iri na Gourd mai ɗaci:
Ana shuka iri daga Janairu zuwa Maris don amfanin gona na lokacin rani, Yuni-Yuli don amfanin gona na lokacin damina a cikin filayen da Maris zuwa Yuni a cikin tsaunuka. Yawan iri shine 4 zuwa 5 kg / ha.
Hanyar Shuka na Gourd mai Daci:
Ana shuka iri ta hanyar dibbling a cikin tazara na 120 × 90 cm. Gabaɗaya, ana shuka tsaba uku zuwa huɗu a cikin rami a zurfin 2.5 zuwa 3.0 cm. Ana jika tsaba a cikin ruwa na dare kafin shuka don mafi kyawun germination. An inganta haɓakar iri ta hanyar jiƙa tsaba na tsawon awanni 24 a cikin maganin 25 zuwa 50 ppm GA da 25 ppm boron. A cikin shimfidar wuri, ana zubar da tsaba a cikin tazarar mita 1 x 1.
Karanta: Koyarwar Polyhouse a Indiya.
Pollinating na Bitter Gourd:
Yayin da itacen inabi ke fure sama da wata shida, Bitter Melon yana buƙatar kwari irin su zuma don aiwatar da tsarin pollination don saita 'ya'yan itace. Idan babu kwari a yankinku, ana iya yin aikin pollinating da hannu, ta hanyar ɗaukar furannin maza da canja wurin pollen (fuska da fuska suna taɓa tsakiyar ɓangaren furanni) zuwa furannin mata. Furen mata suna da yanki mai kitse tsakanin furen da itacen inabi. Ya kamata a aiwatar da wannan tsari lokacin da fure ke aiki a cikin rana. Idan da aikin zabe nasara ce, rabon mai zai girma zuwa cikakken girman 'ya'yan itace.
Bukatar ban ruwa don shuka Gourd mai ɗaci:
Bayar da kwanonin kafin shuka iri sannan kuma sau ɗaya a mako. Shigar a tsarin drip tare da manyan bututun da ke ƙasa da kuma sanya bututun gefen layi a tazara na 1.5m. Sanya drippers a cikin bututu na gefe a tazara na 60 cm da 50 cm tare da damar 4LPH da 3.5 LPH bi da bi.
Karanta: Horon Hydroponic a Indiya.
Kula da ciyawa a cikin Noman Gourd mai ɗaci:
Bayan noma ana yin hoeing sau uku don magance ciyawa. Samar da gungumomi don isa pandal (m2). Fesa Ethrel 100 ppm (1 ml narkar da a cikin lita 10 na ruwa) sau hudu daga rana ta 15 bayan shuka a tsaka-tsakin mako-mako.
Cututtuka da Kwarin Tsirrai masu Daci:
Kamar sauran cucurbits, Bitter Gourd vines suna da saukin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka da yawa kamar:
- Mites: Fesa dicofol 18.5 % SC @ 2.5 ml kowace lita na ruwa.
- Afir: Fesa Imidachloprid @ 0.5 ml/lit tare da isassun lambobi kamar Teepol, triton X100, apsa, da sauransu, don ingantacciyar mannewa da ɗaukar hoto.
- Beetles, 'ya'yan itace kwari, da caterpillars: Ana iya sarrafa ƙwaro, kuda, da caterpillars ta hanyar fesa Malathion 50 EC 1 ml/lit ko Dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/lit ko Methyl demeton 25 EC 1ml/lit.
- powdery mildew: Ana iya sarrafa mildew foda ta hanyar fesa Dinocap 1 ml/lit ko Carbendazim 0.5 g/lit.
- Downy mildew: Ana iya sarrafa mildew na Downy ta hanyar fesa Mancozeb ko Chlorothalonil 2 g/lit sau biyu a tazarar kwanaki 10.
Bukatar taki da takin zamani don Shuka Gourd Bitter:
A nemi kilogiram 10 na FYM a kowace rami (t/ha 20) gram 100 na NPK 6:12:12/rami a matsayin basal da gram 10 na N/rami kwanaki 30 bayan shuka. Aiwatar da Azospirillum da Phosphobacteria 2 kg/ha da Pseudomonas @ 2.5 kg/ha tare da FYM 50 kg da kek neem @ 100 kg kafin noma na ƙarshe.
Karanta: Jagoran Noman Gero Kodo.
Girbi da Haihuwar Gourd mai ɗaci:
Ana yin girbi lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suke kanana kuma suna da taushi a kowace rana dabam. Za a yi a hankali don kada kurangar ta lalace. Kada a bar 'ya'yan itatuwa su girma a kan kurangar inabi. Ana iya adana 'ya'yan itacen da aka girbe na kwanaki 3 zuwa 4 na yanayin sanyi. Yawan amfanin ya kai 60 zuwa 100 quntal/ha.
Samar da iri na Gourd mai ɗaci:
Ya kamata a bar wasu kurangar inabi a cikin gona don samar da gours don iri. Tsaba suna ci gaba da girma a cikin gourd ko da bayan girbi. Irin wanda aka jera, wanke da adana shi a wuri mai sanyi, busasshiyar wuri, zai kasance mai amfani har tsawon shekaru 2-3.
A bar wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa su kai ga cikar balaga idan za a ajiye su na gaba amfanin gona. Lokacin da suka girma, 'ya'yan itatuwa za su buɗe da kansu kuma su saki tsaba masu launin ruwan kasa ko fari waɗanda za a iya tattara su.
Tallace-tallacen Guda Bitter:
Za a iya jigilar Gourd mai ɗaci zuwa gida kayan lambu kasuwa ko wasu ganye kamfanoni kai tsaye.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Girman Gourds:
Yin amfani da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci akai-akai yana haifar da ingantaccen salon rayuwa saboda yana da fa'idodi masu yawa ga lafiya. Bitter Gourd Noma da gaske yana ba ku riba.