Kayayyakin halitta kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci ga masu noman kayan lambu kuma sun nuna tasiri a cikin greenhouses don dakatar da ciyawa da muggan kwari.
Amma masana'antar ba ta tsaya a nan ba.
Shugabannin sun ce suna neman wani matsayi a harkar noma. Masana'antar da ta fara da gano sinadarai masu laushi da hanyoyin nazarin halittu don sarrafa kwari da ciyawa yanzu tana da biostimulants masu haɓaka ci gaban shuka. Sauran samfuran ko da nufin haɓaka ingancin kayan lambu da rayuwar shiryayye.
Ƙari a kasuwa
Keith Jones, babban darektan cibiyar ya ce "Hakika amfanin gona na musamman shine inda yawancin samfuran halittu suka fara farawa," in ji Keith Jones, babban darektan cibiyar. Hadin gwiwar Masana'antar Kayayyakin Halitta (BPIA).
"Kayayyakin halitta sun sami karɓuwa mafi girma tare da masu shuka 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu."
BPIA tana haɓaka alhakin haɓaka amintattun samfuran halitta masu inganci. Ƙungiyar ta girma daga kamfanoni biyar na asali zuwa kusan mambobi 130 waɗanda ko dai suke kerawa, kasuwa ko rarraba kayan halitta.
Jones ya ce yanzu ilimin halittu ya kai kusan kashi 17 cikin XNUMX na kasuwar maganin kwari ga masu noman 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari - kuma rabon kasuwar yana ci gaba da girma kowace shekara.
Yayin da ake amfani da kusan kashi 25 cikin XNUMX na na’urorin sarrafa halittu a kan amfanin gona, ya ce yawancin yanzu ana amfani da su wajen amfanin gona na yau da kullum.
"Buƙatar mabukaci kuma direba ne ga wannan," in ji shi. “Mutane yanzu, sun fi damuwa da abin da ke faruwa da inabin su. Wataƙila ba su da sha'awar abin da ake amfani da su akan audugarsu. Abubuwan da suke cinyewa, akwai ƙarin sha'awar abin da ake amfani da su a kan waɗannan nau'ikan amfanin gona."
Amma hatta samfuran halitta ba a keɓe su daga duk ƙa'idodi.
A cikin Amurka, Sashen Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki da Kariya na EPA a cikin sa Ofishin Shirye-shiryen Maganin Kwari yana sarrafa rajistar sarrafa kwaro na halitta waɗanda ke aiki tare da sinadarai, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ko fasaha masu tasowa.
"Kamar kowace masana'antu, na tabbata akwai wasu ƙananan kayayyaki a can," in ji Jones. Samfurin halitta wanda ke rayuwa a kasuwa na shekaru da yawa mai yiwuwa yana da ƙima ga masu noma, in ji shi. Kamfanonin farawa waɗanda suka nemi zama memba ga BPIA dole ne su yarda su bi ka'idodin rajista na gwamnati, kuma su yi da'awar kimiyya cikin tallace-tallace.
"Muna neman kamfani ne kawai ya zama kamfani na halal wanda ke da halaltattun kayayyaki ko ayyuka," in ji Jones.
Kwayoyin cuta - samfuran da ke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta kamar sinadarai masu aiki - sun ƙunshi kashi 25 cikin ɗari na masana'antar a halin yanzu amma sune ɓangaren haɓaka mafi sauri. Kwayoyin halitta sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 35 cikin ɗari, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar kwari masu amfani, sune sauran, in ji Jones.
Bayan biocontrols
The Dokar Gona ta 2018 ya ƙunshi ma'anar shari'a ta farko na biostimulants a matsayin "wani abu ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda, lokacin da ake amfani da shi ga tsaba, tsire-tsire, ko rhizosphere, yana ƙarfafa tsarin halitta don haɓaka ko amfana da kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki, juriya ga damuwa abiotic, ko ingancin amfanin gona yawa."
Wasu misalan su ne amino acid, microbials, ko shuke-shuke da aka sayar don taimakawa shuka ta girma. Yayin da har yanzu ba a fayyace hanyar zuwa kasuwa ta hanyar doka ba, BPIA ta kasance tana ba da shawarwari ga shirin lakabin da zai gano ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta.
Har ila yau sauran samfuran halittu suna mai da hankali kan haɓaka ingancin 'ya'yan itace da rayuwar da ba a so.
Misali, duba matsalar tsatsauran fata akan tumatur. A taron 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu na tsakiyar Atlantika, manoma sun saurari lacca ta Steven Bogash, wani malami mai ritaya na Penn State Extension malami yanzu yana aiki da Marrone Bio Innovations.
"Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da fashewa: ciki yana girma da sauri fiye da abin da fata za ta iya ɗauka," in ji shi.
Kwanakin zafi mai zafi tare da saita fata na iya fashe tumatir a buɗe. Ita ce babbar cuta guda ɗaya ta masu noman tumatur, wadda galibi suke ƙoƙarin kawar da ita ta hanyar shafa calcium da manganese don samun lafiyayyen fata. Amma sababbi a wannan shekara ba ɗaya ba ne, amma sabbin samfuran foliar guda biyu ne.
Marrone Bio yana da irin wannan samfurin, wanda ake kira Haven, wanda aka yi da man kwakwa, wanda ke inganta hanta da kuma kariya daga rana. Wani kamfani, BioBest, yana da samfurin da ake kira Bluestim, wanda aka yi daga glycine betaine daga beets sugar, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai sarrafa osmosis, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen tsari na ruwa da kayan abinci.
Bogash ya ce "Idan kun sami ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri a ciki kuma yana iya fita waje a hankali, za ku sami raguwa sosai," in ji Bogash. "Wadannan kayan suna da alƙawarin canza yadda muke rasa daraja akan tumatir, saboda, ku fuskanta: Hanya ta ɗaya da kuke ɗaukar tumatir No. 1 kuma ku sanya shi zuwa lamba 2 yawanci wani nau'i ne na fashewa."
Manajan Samfurin Bluestim Veronica Cervantes ya ce an yi rajistar samfurin a matsayin gyare-gyaren tsire-tsire. Ana amfani dashi kowane mako 3-4 ga 'ya'yan itacen matasa yana iya hana fashewa kuma ana amfani dashi don tsawaita rayuwar tumatir.
"Muna amfani da su don taimaka wa shukar ta shawo kan jigilar kayayyaki," in ji ta. "Za ku kare 'ya'yan itacen."
Kayayyakin halitta suna ƙara samun samuwa don ƙarin nau'ikan kwari da matsaloli.
"Babu wani shirin 'girma daya dace da kowa' yayin da yanayi da matsatsin kwari ke canzawa akai-akai a kowane lokaci," Bogash ya rubuta a cikin wani taron ilimi na daban, wannan na kula da kwaroron roba a cikin gidajen hoop. "Duk da haka, adadin kayan aikin sarrafa kwari a cikin akwatin kayan aikin mu na biocontrol ya girma har ta kai ga za su iya sarrafa yawancin kwaro."
- Stephen Kloosterman, editan aboki