Tare da tallafi daga Asusun Bincike na Jihohi da yawa na Cibiyar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta ƙasa, masu bincike a jami'o'i 17 masu ba da tallafi na ƙasa suna aiki tare don haɓaka tsarin sarrafa kansa wanda ke aiki da kyau don amfanin gona na musamman mai ƙarfi kamar 'ya'yan itace, kayan lambu, ƙwayayen itace, da tsire-tsire na gandun daji. . Hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin jihohi da yawa na ɗaukar nauyin bincike da haɓakawa daga sashin amfanin gona na musamman guda ɗaya kuma yana haɓaka manyan ci gaba.
Yin aiki da kai yana taimakawa masana'antar amfanin gona ta musamman shawo kan ƙarancin aiki, daidaita shawarwarin gudanarwa, adana albarkatu da biyan buƙatu masu girma. Daidai da Ajandar Ƙirƙirar Aikin Noma na USDA, ci gaban fasaha don girma, girbi, sarrafawa, da sarrafawa suna samar da tanadi mai mahimmanci ga masu noma da masu amfani, tare da haɓaka dorewa.
Masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Florida sun kirkiro wani mutum-mutumi da ke kirga da taswirorin 'ya'yan itacen a kan bishiyar citrus, kuma masu bincike na Jami'ar California-Davis sun ƙera kuloli masu tsinin 'ya'yan itace da kayan aikin da ke taswirar 'ya'yan itatuwa. Waɗannan na'urori masu sarrafa kansu sun taimaka wa manoma su ga idan da kuma inda al'amurran da suka shafi samarwa suka taso, don haka za su iya yanke shawara mai kyau na gudanarwa. Madaidaicin ƙididdige yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana da mahimmanci don tsara injinan girbi da yanke shawarar tallace-tallace.
Gano cuta ta atomatik da fasahar sarrafa na iya rage asarar amfanin gona. Misali, masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Jihar Iowa suna jagorantar masana'antar fasahar da ke rage ƙwari. Masana kimiya na Jami’ar Jihar Washington sun ƙera jirage marasa matuki don hana tsuntsayen da ke ci da lalata ’ya’yan itace. Kuma, na'urorin hannu da masu bincike na Jami'ar Hawaii suka tsara suna ba masu noman kofi hanya mara tsada don gano damuwa da ruwan ganye da inganta ban ruwa.
Don shawo kan ƙarancin ma'aikata da rage farashin ma'aikata, masana kimiyya na Jami'ar Jihar Washington sun ƙera na'urar tagwayen robobi don hops, kuma masu binciken Jami'ar Jojiya suna kammala fasahohi masu araha mai araha don ingantaccen girbi blueberry. Sabuwar hanyar pruning da Tsawaita Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania ta ba da shawarar na iya yanke lokacin dasawa da kashi 42 cikin ɗari tare da adana $136 a kowace kadada. Yin aiki da kai yana iya sa aikin ya zama ƙasa da haɗari. Misali, na'urar taimakon girbi da aka ƙera a jihar Penn da aka kawar da tsani ta faɗi kuma ta rage lokacin da masu zaɓen apple ke amfani da su cikin banƙyama, matsayi masu haɗari daga 65% zuwa 43% na lokacin ɗauka.
Yin aiki da kai ba da daɗewa ba zai maye gurbin kyakkyawar idon masu sana'a, amma waɗannan fasahohin za su rage farashi, inganta inganci, da tabbatar da gamsuwar mabukaci, tare da kawar da wasu haɗarin kiwon lafiyar gonaki, haɓaka inganci, da rage tasirin muhalli.
Ƙara koyo game da wannan aikin tallafin USDA-NIFA: W2009: Haɗe-haɗen Bincike da Ci Gaban Tsare-tsare a Automation da Sensor don Dorewar Tsirrai Na Musamman (2013-2018).
Wannan binciken yana goyan bayan jigon "ƙarin haɓaka ƙima" wanda aka zayyana a cikin USDA Tsarin Kimiyyar Kimiyyakuma yana motsa mu kusa da cimma burin da aka zayyana a ciki Ajandar Ƙirƙirar Noma ta USDA.
Ci gaba a cikin fasaha, aiki da kai, da ji na nesa wani yanki ne mai yanke hukunci, motsin macro a cikin kimiyya wanda ke tasiri aikin noma wanda aka zayyana a cikin USDA Tsarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya (PDF, 2.6 MB). Tsarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya yana jagorantar abubuwan da USDA ta fi fifiko na kimiyya na shekaru 5 masu zuwa, ginawa daga nasarar da ta gabata. Dangane da sauran amfanin gona, yawancin amfanin gona na musamman sun fi dogaro da aikin noma don samarwa, girbi, da sarrafa su. Wannan wani bangare ne na jerin bulogi wanda ke ba da haske game da saka hannun jari na bincike don haɓaka aiki da kai da injina don amfanin gona na musamman.
-Sara Delheimer, Shirin Tasirin Asusun Bincike na Multistate na NIFA a cikin Bincike da Kimiyya
Ƙoƙarin jahohi da yawa a cikin Jami'o'i 17 masu ba da kyauta suna mai da hankali kan sarrafa kansa don shawo kan ƙarancin ma'aikata, yanke shawara mai kyau na gudanarwa, adana albarkatu da biyan buƙatun amfanin gona na musamman. Hoto: Andre Daccache/UC Davis