Kare kudan zuma daga maganin kashe kwari ya sami sauƙi tare da fitar da Jami'ar Jihar Oregon ta wata manhaja ta wayar salula da manoma da masu kiwon zuma za su iya amfani da su don tuntuɓar wani ɗaba'ar lokacin da suke cikin filin.
The smartphone app rak Bugawar OSU Extension's 2013, Yadda ake Rage Guba daga magungunan kashe qwari, PNW 591.
Manoma da masu kiwon zuma yanzu za su iya tuntuɓar tebur na maganin kashe qwari a wayoyinsu ko kwamfutar hannu. Shahararriyar jagorar ta lissafa magungunan kashe kwari 150, fungicides, miticides, slug killers da masu kawo cikas ga ci gaban-duk yanzu ana iya neman su ta sunan kasuwanci ko sunan sinadarai a cikin sabuwar app.
"Duniya ce ta wayar hannu," in ji jagoran marubucin, Ramesh Sagili, Masanin ilimin halittu da mai binciken kudan zuma na Extension a Jami'ar Jihar Oregon Kwalejin Kimiyyar Noma.
"Masu ruwa da tsakinmu sun kasance suna neman app don tafiya tare da wannan ɗaba'ar, kuma sun yi farin ciki da cewa yanzu muna da ɗaya."
An fara buga "Yadda za a Rage Guba" a cikin 2006. An fadada shi a cikin 2013 ta hanyar marubuci. Louisa Hooven, Masanin kimiyyar guba da ƙwararrun kudan zuma a Kwalejin Kimiyyar Aikin Noma, tare da ƙarin sabuntawa na bayanan magungunan kashe qwari.
"Mun duba amfanin gona da ake nomawa a Arewa maso Yamma," in ji ta, "sannan kuma ga dukkan kayayyakin da ake iya amfani da su a lokacin da amfanin gona ke fure-wanda shine lokacin da ƙudan zuma za su yi kiwo. Waɗannan su ne magungunan kashe qwari da muka haɗa.”
An jera samfuran zuwa aji uku: mai guba sosai, mai guba da “babu bayanin rigakafin kudan zuma akan lakabin.” Ƙididdiga ta dogara ne akan taka tsantsan da hane-hane da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ke buƙata kuma an jera su akan alamun samfuran, in ji Hooven.
Bugu da ƙari, jagorar ya ƙididdige "sauran guba" ga yawancin samfurori-wato, tsawon lokacin da illarsu ke ci gaba a cikin muhalli. Wannan bayanin, wanda EPA ba ta buƙata kuma maiyuwa ko a'a, ya fito ne daga babban bincike na Hooven ta takaddun tantance haɗarin EPA da wallafe-wallafen toxicology.
"Akwai wasu bayanai game da ragowar guba a cikin bugun da ya gabata," in ji ta. "Mun faɗaɗa adadin samfuran sosai, don haka mun haɗa da sauran bayanan guba na waɗannan samfuran waɗanda aka san su, kuma mun sabunta bayanan samfuran da aka riga aka jera."
Jagoran ya ba da shawarar mafi kyawun ayyuka don sarrafa aikace-aikacen magungunan kashe qwari don kare duk nau'in kudan zuma - ba kudan zuma kawai ba (Apis melifera), amma mason kudan zuma (Osmia lignaria), ƙudan zuma alkali (Nomia melanderi) da ƙudan zuma na ganyen alfalfa (Megachile rotundata). Ana kuma sarrafa waɗannan nau'ikan kudan zuma a matsayin masu aikin noma.
Har ila yau yana ba da labarin yadda za a kare nau'ikan mazaunan ƙasa kamar su ƙudan zuma, kudan zuma masu dogayen ƙaho, kudan zuma mai gumi, ƙudan zuma masu hakar ma'adinai da bumblebees.
Hooven ya ce, "Magungunan kashe qwari za su shafi waɗannan nau'o'in daban-daban fiye da kudan zuma ko wasu nau'ikan da aka sarrafa," in ji Hooven, "saboda suna da halaye daban-daban na rayuwa kuma suna samuwa a lokuta daban-daban."
Aikin noma na gabar tekun yamma ya dogara sosai kan kwari masu gurbata muhalli, in ji Sagili, wanda ya yi rubutu ko kuma ya ba da izini. hudu sauran wallafe-wallafen Extension akan ƙudan zuma zuma.
"Hannun amfanin gona a tsakiyar Yamma, kamar masara da waken soya, ba sa buƙatar kwari don yin pollination," in ji shi. "Amma tare da ire-iren amfanin gonakinmu, musamman bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, berries da iri, muna buƙatar su da gaske."
Ma'aikatan kiwon zuma na Oregon suna kula da amyar kudan zuma na kasuwanci kusan 70,000, in ji shi. Kudan zuma suna pollinate kimanin 50 amfanin gona na Oregon, ciki har da blueberries, cherries, pears, apples, clover, Meadowfoam da kayan lambu iri. Sagili ya kiyasta darajar amfanin gonakin sama da rabin dala biliyan a duk shekara.
Mafi kyawun kariya ga ƙudan zuma, in ji shi, yana farawa da kyakkyawar sadarwa tsakanin mai noman zuma da mai kiwon zuma.
"Yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da kariyar kudan zuma ba sa bambanta juna," in ji shi. “Akwai daidaitacciyar hanya don shawo kan kwari da kare ƙudan zuma, duka biyun. Muna son wannan jagorar ta zama kayan aiki mai amfani ga masu noma da masu kiwon zuma don yanke shawara tare."
Ana samun buguwa da ƙa'idar rakiyar daga OSU Extension and Experiment Station Communications (EESC). An haɗa binciken mai amfani, kuma ana buƙatar masu amfani da su kammala shi don jagorantar EESC a cikin ci gaban ƙa'idar nan gaba.
OSU, Jami'ar Idaho da Jami'ar Jihar Washington ne suka samar da "Yadda za a Rage Guba". Ƙungiyoyin masu kiwon zuma ne suka rubuta kuɗin sa a Oregon, Idaho, Washington, da California, da kuma Sashen Aikin Gona na Oregon.
- Gail Wells, Jami'ar Jihar Oregon
Source: Jami'ar Jihar Oregon