Masu binciken tsire-tsire da injiniyoyi daga Jami'ar Florida suna amfani da basirar wucin gadi don gano cutar da wuri don haka masu noman rani za su iya kiyaye ta. Ganowa da wuri yana ba manoma damar yaƙi don ingantaccen amfanin gona.
Ana noman rani da na hunturu a kasuwanci a ko'ina cikin jihar, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudu maso yammacin Florida. A cikin 2019, masu noman Florida sun girbi kadada 7,700 na squash, tare da ƙimar samar da dala miliyan 35.4, a cewar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Aikin Gona ta USDA. Amma cutar mildew powdery, wadda ta zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin duniya, na iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yiannis Ampatzidis, mataimakiyar farfesa ta UF/IFAS a fannin aikin gona da injiniyan halittu kuma marubucin littafin ya ce: "Mafi kyawun yanayi don kamuwa da cutar mildew shine yanayi mai ɗanɗano, dasa shuki mai yawa da inuwa." sabon binciken kan gano farkon ƙwayar powdery mildew, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Biosystems Engineering.
Don binciken, masu binciken UF/IFAS sun yi amfani da tsarin fahimtar da aka haɗe zuwa jiragen sama don tattara bayanan batsa na powdery mildew akan rani rani a cikin filayen da labs na Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta UF/IFAS ta Kudu maso yammacin Florida.
Masu binciken UF/IFAS sun yi amfani da fasahar da ba ta dogara da alamun gani ba don gano mildew powdery, in ji Ampatzidis. Idanun ɗan adam suna iya ganin ɓangaren haske ne kawai na bakan na lantarki. Wannan fasaha na iya "ganin" ƙari. Don haka, masu bincike sun yi amfani da wannan binciken don gano mafi kyawun tsayin daka don gano ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta farko - akan ganye waɗanda ko dai ba su da alamun bayyanar cututtuka ko kuma nuna alamun farko.
Masu bincike sun yi amfani da koyo na inji - wani yanki na hankali na wucin gadi - wanda zai iya "koyi" daga bayanan bakan don gano mildew powdery. Bayanan sun fito ne daga jirage marasa matuka da kuma tsarin ji na kasa. Samfurin koyon injin da aka horar ya gano mildew powdery a cikin matakan ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban, in ji Ampatzidis. Tsarin koyo na inji yana gina ƙirar lissafi don gano mildew powdery ba tare da an tsara shi ta hanyar ɗan adam don bin takamaiman matakai ba.
Tare da hotuna da kuma nazarin hangen nesa na ganyen squash, masana kimiyya sun gano foda kusan kashi 95% na lokaci. A gaskiya ma, ko da ba tare da bayyanar alamun cutar ba, fasahar ta nuna wa masu bincike cutar 82% zuwa 89% na lokaci.
"Yana da mahimmanci don gano mildew powdery da wuri, tun da cutar ta yadu da sauri kuma raunuka suna karuwa da girma, suna tasowa launin fata mai ƙura ko launin toka," in ji Ampatzidis, mashawarcin malami ga Jaafar Abdulridha, mai binciken UF / IFAS bayan karatun digiri wanda ya jagoranci. karatun.
Pamela Roberts, farfesa a fannin shuka cututtukan UF/IFAS, tana buƙatar bayanai daga injiniyoyi kamar Ampatsidis, don taimaka mata samun cututtuka a farkon matakan. Ta kwatanta shi da gano cututtukan ɗan adam da wuri.
"Ganowa da wuri na duk wata matsalar lafiya, ko a cikin ɗan adam ko tsire-tsire, yana ba da mafi kyawun damar sarrafa ta ta hanyar sa baki da wuri," in ji Roberts, marubucin binciken. "Hakazalika, ana samun sauƙin sarrafa cututtukan shuka da wuri lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da daga baya a cikin annoba."
"Bugu da ƙari, wannan fasaha na iya rage yawan amfani da feshin sinadarai, ta hanyar kawar da aikace-aikacen da za a iya yi kafin a sami wata cuta da za a iya sarrafawa," in ji ta. "Tun da powdery mildew matsala ce ta yau da kullun akan squash a kudu maso yammacin Florida, tambaya ce kawai ta yaushe, ba idan, cutar za ta bayyana ba. Madaidaicin lokacin maganin fungicides, ko a cikin aikin gona na al'ada ko na halitta, na iya haɓaka ingancin samfurin kuma rage asara.
Babban bayyanar cututtuka na mildew powdery shine fararen fata ko faci, yawanci akan ganye. Gano ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a farkon kamuwa da cuta yana da wuyar gaske saboda bayyanar cututtuka a ƙasa, mafi girma ganye waɗanda sau da yawa wasu ganye ke rufe su.
"A takaice dai, cutar na iya canza kayan ganye kuma ta shafi adadin hasken da ke fitowa daga ganye a wuraren da ba a iya gani ba, wanda mutane ba za su iya gani ba," in ji Ampatsidis.
- Brad Buck, Jami'ar Florida