Ya yi aiki a kan kayan aikin da ya ciyar da dabbobin gona, girbe kayan lambu, share citrus daga ƙasa da kuma taimakawa wajen sarrafa kaji - kuma wannan jerin fage ne kawai. Ta duk waɗannan ayyukan a lokacin aikinsa na injiniyan aikin gona, Dale Marshall ya aiwatar da dabaru biyu masu mahimmanci: dubawa da daidaitawa.
Wadancan ayyukan sun sa shi ya dace da mazabarsa mai noman, wanda ya kunshi mutanen da ke aiki iri daya.
“Hakanan manoma da masu sarrafa kayayyaki ke da sabbin abubuwa. Suna cewa 'bari mu yi tsayin rabin inci' ko 'bari mu ɗan yi sauri.' Ta haka suke samun ci gaba da kansu,” in ji Marshall.
Marshall, mai shekaru 81, wanda yanzu ke zaune a Holt, Michigan, tare da matarsa Pat, ya kashe mafi yawan aikinsa a matsayin injiniya tare da Sabis na Binciken Aikin Noma na USDA, wanda ya dogara da harabar Jami'ar Jihar Michigan. Yayin da yake MSU, Marshall yayi aiki da farko akan ayyukan kayan lambu, kuma lokaci-lokaci yana haɗin gwiwa akan ayyukan 'ya'yan itace.
Al'adar daidaitawa ta fara da wuri, a matsayin babban ɗalibin injiniyan Ag a MSU a cikin 1960, lokacin da Marshall ya taimaka wa memba Bill Stout ya canza mai tono dankalin turawa zuwa mai girbin tumatir. Tsohuwar mai girbin gwoza sukari ita ce asalin mai girbin barkono na kasuwanci. An ba da wannan na'ura ga MSU, amma sau da yawa ya isa daidaitawa ya fara tare da tafiya don kallon wata na'ura da ke aiki.
"Na shiga mota tare da Dr. Burton Cargill kuma muka wuce zuwa Vincennes, Indiana. A nan ne na ga mai girbin cucumber dina na farko, wani Wilde da aka yi a Bailey, Michigan. Daga nan kuma mun ci gaba har zuwa 1969, kuma shekaru da yawa bayan haka muna yin bincike na girbi kokwamba na inji, ba wai don inganta yanayin girbi ba amma a ƙoƙarin rage ɓarna da karyewar ’ya’yan itacen da aka girbe yayin da yake tafiya cikin injin, ”in ji Marshall. .
Wataƙila babban ci gaba ya zo ne a cikin haɓakar injin girbin barkono.
"Muna da masu noman da suka gaya mana cewa ko dai su yi injiniyoyi ko kuma ba za su iya ci gaba da shuka barkono ba," in ji Marshall.
Hakan ya haifar da wata tafiya don ganin mai girbi, wannan lokacin jirgin zuwa Delaware. Marshall ya ga cewa injin yana da yuwuwar, amma kuma ya ƙarasa da cewa bai isa ba na barkonon tsohuwa. Wannan yana nufin lokaci ya yi don wani ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan daidaitawa waɗanda ke yin ranar injiniya, idan ba aiki ba.
“Ba fiye da kashi 5 zuwa 10 na barkonon da ke shiga ciki ba. Amma na san cewa idan na yi wani ɗan leƙen asiri, mai yiwuwa tsayin ƙafafu, tare da helix a kusa da wurin, wannan zai sa barkono sama ya kawo su cikin mai girbi da kansa. Don haka mun fara gina masu girbi lokacin da na dawo MSU,” in ji Marshall.
A nan ne mai girbin gwoza ya shiga hoton. Masana'antar gwoza ce ta ba da na'urar ga MSU da USDA don bincike.
"Mun yanka da yanke da walda kuma mun fadada don yin girbi," in ji Marshall.
Da zarar an yi samfurin, lokaci ya yi don gwajin filin. Marshall ya rarraba irin barkono kuma, a cikin 1987, ya kafa shuka biyar. Biyu sun kasance a Michigan yayin da sauran sun kasance a Kentucky, Oklahoma da California, don kwatanta nau'ikan barkono 20 da tsarin girbi daban-daban 15. Waɗancan kwatancen da ƙarshe sun kasance masu mahimmanci wajen gina abin da ya zama mai girbin Boese.
Haɗin kai daga masana'antu, masu noma da masu bincike sun ci gaba da taimakawa ayyukan bincike don samun ci gaba, in ji Marshall. Abokan aiki sun haɗa da shugabannin bincike na USDA da sauran injiniyoyin Ag Galen Brown da Leroy Pickett; MSU malamai Hugh Price, Bernie Zandstra da Randy Beaudry; shugabannin masana'antar pickle Bill Temple da Jack Hobson; da masu fasahar bincike irin su Ed Timm, Dick Ledebuhr, Dick Wolthuis da Gary VanEe.
Marshall ya sa ɗalibansa da yawa su yi aiki, kuma daga baya ya gan su sun zama manyan ƴan wasa a masana'antar samarwa.
"A cikin shekaru 28 na a MSU, na dauki hayar dalibai 85, kuma yaro sun sami kwarewa," in ji Marshall.
Marshall ya girma ne a wata gona a gundumar Livingston, Michigan, kuma ya sami kwarewar aikin injiniyarsa ta hanyar kallon mahaifinsa, wanda Marshall ya bayyana a matsayin "madaidaicin farkon sabon abu. Idan da za mu iya yin shi da injuna, da mun je.”
A cikin 1953, Marshall ya kammala wani ɗan gajeren kwas na mako takwas a MSU, wanda ya aza harsashi don samun digiri na injiniya daga baya a 1960. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa shine aiki tare da Stout akan mai girbin tumatir da aka saba da shi daga mai yin dankalin turawa.
Aikinsa na farko shine a Minnesota, yana aiki da Farmhand akan kayan aikin gonaki, gami da akwatunan kaya masu saukar da kai. Tasha ta gaba ita ce Indiana don Lokacin Chore, ƙwararre kan ciyar da kaji da kayan shayarwa.
Marshall ya shiga USDA a 1966, kuma aikinsa na farko ya kasance a Florida don fara aiki tare da citrus da aka girbe. Babban abin da ya fi ba fifiko shi ne a samar da hanyar da za a iya dibar 'ya'yan itace da aka riga aka cire da hannu ko masu girgiza injiniyoyi a lokuta, kamar karshen mako, lokacin da ma'aikata ba sa samun sauki.
“Aikina shi ne in samar da mai share fage wanda zai share furt daga ƙarƙashin rassan bishiyar da ke rataye, sanya shi a tsakiyar layi sannan a ɗauko shi. Mun yi amfani da ganguna na ƙarfe na ƙafa biyu a diamita waɗanda ke da yatsun roba tsawon inci shida don share 'ya'yan itacen tare da diamita mai ƙafa uku. Bayan haka, saboda kasa mai yashi na Florida, yana da sauƙi a zo tare da mai tono dankalin turawa da sarƙa don ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen, "in ji Marshall.
Tsawon aikin Marshall a MSU ya katse lokacin da ya shiga wani hatsarin mota da ya yi kusan kisa. USDA ta yanke shawarar rufe aikin kayan lambu da ke MSU, kuma Marshall ya kammala aikinsa ta hanyar ƙaura zuwa Jojiya don yin aiki kan korar kaji. Wannan aikin ya ɗauki watanni 20, sa'an nan Marshall ya yi ritaya a 1999. Marshalls sun zauna a Jojiya na shekaru 10 kafin su koma Michigan.
Daga cikin kayan ado da aka dasa a wajen gidansu a Holt akwai tsire-tsire na rhubarb guda biyu, suna nuna sha'awar Marshall na rayuwa da aiki tare da kayan lambu. A ƙarshen 1970s, masana'antar rhubarb sun nemi taimako tare da injin girbi, kuma Marshall ya fara sake yin aikin injin gwaji wanda masana'antar pickle suka bayar. Marshall da tawagarsa sun yi nasarar ƙera na'ura da za ta yanke petioles na rhubarb tare da haɗe ganye. Yanke faifan diski zai cire ganyen, yayin da petioles za su faɗi cikin kwano. A ƙarshe Wilde ya kera mai girbi kuma ya shirya shi don jigilar kaya zuwa wani mai girbi na Michigan don ɗaukar faɗuwar faɗuwa.
"Sai kuma mai shuka ya daina noman rhubarb, saboda ya sami wani abu mafi riba a ƙasarsa: man fetur," in ji Marshall. “Don haka abin ya daidaita. An sake gina wasu masu girbi uku, amma babu wanda ake amfani da su yanzu.”
Kasancewar girma a gonar noma da kiwo, yin aiki tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari wani sabon ƙalubale ne mai ban sha'awa.
"Idan muna da ra'ayi, za mu gwada mu ga ko amfanin gona ya tsira daga bincikenmu. Mutane suka ce, 'Oh, kuna aiki kan inganta amfanin gona.' Zan ce a'a, ya fi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ingancin amfanin gona na asali, ƙoƙarin rage karyewar samfur, ɓarna da ɓarna." Marshall yace. “Neman sabbin hanyoyin girbi da sarrafa su tare da jami’o’i, masana’antu, masana’antu, manoma da ɗalibai shine mabuɗin nasararmu. Ziyartar masu bincike na kasashen waje ma yana da mahimmanci. Abin farin ciki ne yin aiki tare da ma’aikatan a masana’antar ‘ya’yan itace da kayan lambu.”
Ayyukan Marshall sun kware da asalin Labaran Manomin Kayan lambu.
"A farkon shekarun The Vegetable Growers News, ya zama ruwan dare ga Barry Brand, wanda ya kafa mawallafi, ya kira ni da karfe 9 ko 10 na dare don karanta mani labarinsa wanda zai danna washegari, don tabbatar da cewa yana da duk gaskiyar. daidai, "in ji Marshall.
- Lee Dean, darektan edita