Masu binciken sun yi amfani da sabon bututun isotope probing (HT-SIP) da metagenomics don fara kallon microbiome mai aiki da ke kewaye da simintin shuka mai fa'ida, fungi mycorrhizal arbuscular (AMF). Credit: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Haɗa asalin ƙwayoyin cuta na daji tare da halayen ilimin halittar jiki da ayyukan muhalli shine maƙasudin maƙasudi ga masu nazarin halittun muhalli. Daga cikin dabarun da ke ƙoƙari don wannan burin, Stable Isotope Probing-SIP-ana ɗaukar mafi tasiri don nazarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin saitunan halitta.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wata sabuwar dabara-high-throughput SIP-wanda automates da yawa matakai a kan aiwatar da barga isotope probing, kyale bincike na microbial ayyuka na microorganisms karkashin gaskiya yanayi, ba tare da bukatar lab culturing.
A cikin SIP, ana gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki ta hanyar haɗawa da tsayayyen isotopes a cikin halittun su. Yana daga cikin mafi ƙarfi hanyoyin a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tun lokacin da zai iya gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu aiki da halayen halayensu (amfani da substrate, biochemistry na salula, metabolism, girma, mace-mace) a cikin al'ummomi masu rikitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na asali.
Yawanci, hanyar SIP tana buƙatar ƙwaƙƙwarar aikin hannu-kan aiki kuma tana ba da izini ga ƙaramin adadin samfurori. Amma sabuwar dabarar LLNL tana buƙatar kashi ɗaya cikin shida na adadin aikin hannu idan aka kwatanta da SIP na jagora kuma yana ba da damar sarrafa samfuran 16 a lokaci guda.
"Tsarin tsarin mu na atomatik yana rage lokacin ma'aikata kuma yana inganta haɓakawa ta hanyar yin niyya mafi girman matakan SIP," in ji masanin kimiyyar LLNL Erin Nuccio, kuma jagoran marubucin wata takarda da ke fitowa a cikin mujallar Microbiome. "Yanzu mun yi amfani da wannan hanyar don aiwatar da samfurori sama da dubu, gami da wasu daga ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa waɗanda ba a yi karatu sosai ba."
Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan microhabitat shine ƙasa nan da nan da ke kewaye da kyallen takarda na mycorrhizae-wani nau'i na fungi wanda ke samar da dangantaka da 72% na duk tsire-tsire na ƙasa. A musayar carbon shuka, naman gwari (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) yana ba wa rundunarsa albarkatu masu mahimmanci kamar nitrogen, phosphorus da ruwa.
A cikin wannan tabbacin-na binciken ra'ayi, marubutan sun nuna "gidan yanar gizo na abinci" na hulɗar da ke haifar da mycorrhizal fungi a cikin ƙasa.
"Muna tunanin wannan babbar hanya ce ta yadda ake rarraba carbon a cikin ƙasa. Ƙasar ƙasa tana riƙe da mafi girman tafkin motsa jiki na carbon carbon a duniya, "in ji marubucin haɗin gwiwa Jennifer Pett-Ridge, wacce ita ce jagorar aikin LLNL kuma shugabar Ofishin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Makamashi "Microbes Naci" Ƙasar Microbiome Mai da hankali kan Kimiyyar Kimiyya. . "Mun tsara wani ɗan ƙaramin adadin DNA, mun ƙaddara kwayoyin halitta sannan muka sake gina kwayoyin halittarsu da yuwuwar hulɗar su."
Sauran marubutan LLNL sun haɗa da Steven Blazewicz, Marissa Lafler, Ashley Campbell, Jeffrey Kimbrel, Jessica Wollard, Rachel Hestrin da masu bincike daga Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DOE Joint Genome Institute da Jami'ar California, Berkeley.