Horseradish Farming a Indiya
Sannu abokai, muna nan tare da sabon batu na "Farin noman Horseradish a Indiya". Horseradish shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara wanda na dangin Brassicaceae kuma sunan botanical shine Armoracia rusticana. Horseradish shine tushen kayan lambu shuka, noma da amfani a duk duniya. Tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke nufin da zarar kun shuka shi, dole ne ku cire tushen ko kuma ku sami shi a shekara mai zuwa. Horseradish wani tsiro ne mai kauri mai kauri yana da manya-manyan ganyaye, ganyaye, kuma ana shuka shi saboda tushen sa mai kauri, wanda ya ƙunshi mai mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshi da zafi mai ɗanɗano. Tsiron ya kai tsayin kusan mita 0.6 zuwa 0.9 lokacin da yake fure. Tsire-tsire ne mai wuyar gaske kuma ana iya girma a cikin yanayin sanyi, cikakken rana, ko inuwa mai haske.
Shuka Horseradish shine tushen kayan lambu mai tushe kuma wannan tushen yana da mahadi masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya ba da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya kamar tasirin cutar antibacterial da anticancer. Zai fi kyau a cikin shekara ta farko, don haka shuka shi a cikin tukunya mai zurfi, jaka mai sassauƙa, ko wani babba ganga. Yawancin lokaci, Horseradish yana girma daga tushen cuttings. Lokacin yin odar tsaba, gwada dasa shuki Horseradish a cikin bazara lokacin da suka isa. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki Horseradish shine bazara. Yana daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri amfanin gona kuma ana noma shi a cikin lambun kusan kowane mazaunin bazara.
Asalin da Rarraba Horseradish
Horseradish amfanin gona ɗan asalin Gabashin Turai ne a gundumomin marshy, Kudancin Rasha, da Gabashin Ukraine amma ya zama ɗan adam a Arewacin Amurka New Zealand. A Indiya, ana noman Horseradish a tashoshin tuddai na Kudancin Indiya da wasu yankuna a Arewacin Indiya.
- Sunan Botanical - Armoracia rusticana
- Iyali - Brassicaceae
- Haske - Sunny
- Ƙasa - Ruwa mai kyau, mai zurfi
- Haihuwa - matsakaici
- pH - 6.0 zuwa 7.0
- Zazzabi - sanyi
- Danshi - m
- Nau'in Shuka - Ganyen perennial
- Exposure - Cikakken rana zuwa rabuwar rana
- Nau'in Ƙasa - Sako, ƙasa mai wadata
- Yankunan Hardiness - 3 zuwa 9 (USDA)
- Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire - Dankali, dawa
- Yanki na asali – Turai ta tsakiya
Yanzu bari mu shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai game da shuka da Noman Horseradish ayyuka.
Jagoran Shuka Mataki-mataki don Noman Horseradish, Ayyukan Noma A Indiya.
Nasiha iri-iri na Horseradish
Yawanci, akwai nau'ikan Horseradish iri biyu. Na farko shine 'nau'in gama gari' mai faffadan ganyaye da saiwoyinsa masu inganci sannan dayan nau'in 'bohemian type' mai kunkuntar ganye da tushe mara kyau. Taproot yana da tuberous da cylindrical kimanin 30 cm tsayi kuma 18 mm a diamita.
Horseradish na yau da kullun yana da faffadan ganye mai fa'ida tare da ingantaccen tushe mai inganci. Duk da haka, ya fi sauƙi ga cututtuka.
Bohemian Horseradish yana da kunkuntar ganye da santsi. Har ila yau, Bohemian Horseradish yana da juriya da cututtuka amma yana da tushe mai inganci kaɗan.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don Noman Doki
Shuka Horseradish shine tsire-tsire na rana mai tsawo, wanda yanayinsa mai kyau shine na matsakaicin yanayi, tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama ga irin waɗannan yankuna. A cikin yanayin yanayi, tushen yana jure wa ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma baya daskarewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Wuraren rana tare da adadi mai yawa na danshi suna dacewa da shi. Dangane da abun ciki na danshi na kasa, kasa mai zafi 70% sun fi dacewa da shi. A lokacin babban hawan yanayi na danshi a cikin ƙasa da iska, dukan shuka ya zama mai hankali. Wuraren da ke da lokacin sanyi suna ba da lokacin hutun da ake buƙata don tushen, kuma dogon lokacin rani yana samar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka amfanin gona. Ana samun yawan amfanin gona mafi girma a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da m tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau. Don noman Horseradish, nau'ikan ƙasa mafi dacewa shine chernozems, ƙasa baƙar fata, alluviums, da cambisols tare da matakin pH tsakanin 6.0 da 7.0. Tsarin jiki na tsarin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci, kuma ya kamata ya zama crumbly, wanda ya ba da damar haɓakawa da kuma ingantaccen danshi na ƙasa.
Wani adadin Organic kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa kuma ya fi dacewa don Horseradish noma a Indiya. Don noman Horseradish, ƙasa mai zurfi tare da tsaka-tsaki mai wuya ba su dace ba. Horseradish za a noma da cikakken rana amma zai jure da wasu inuwa. Kabeji butterflies za su kai hari ga shuke-shuke Horseradish amma ana iya tsince su. Tsiron ya fita yayin da kyakkyawa kuma kore zai iya girma kusan ƙafa 3 zuwa 4 tsayi. Ganyen Horseradish suna da tsayi, tare da babban gudu a tsakiya ta cikin dukan ganye. Ba ya son rigar ƙafa; yana son ƙasa mai bushewa. Ba a radish amma memba na mustard iyali da zurfin tushen. Tushen Horseradish mafi kyau suna girma har shekara guda kuma ana girbe su bayan sanyi mai kyau na farko.
Kasa da Site Shiri don Noman Horseradish
Don noma Horseradish, mai zurfi, mai arziki lom ko ƙasa mai yashi ya dace. A da-shirye da kuma sosai pulverized ƙasa wajibi ne don Horseradish samar da madaidaiciya da kuma karfi Tushen.
A da-drained, sako-sako da, lambu loam ko yashi, alluvial kasa damar domin lafiya ci gaban Horseradish tushen. Kafin dasa shuki Horseradish tabbatar da yin aiki da ƙasa sosai don sakamako mafi kyau; an ba da shawarar zurfin inci 10 zuwa 12 ko zurfi. Ƙasa mai nauyi da ke cike da yumbu da duwatsu ko ƙasa mai ɗanɗano na iya hana ci gaban tushen kuma haifar da rashin amfanin gona. Yana buƙatar matakin pH na ƙasa na 6.0 zuwa 7.0. Aikace-aikace na taki na farko don dasa shuki na iya haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa.
Horseradish shuka yana daidaitawa kuma yana da wuyar gaske, amma samar da shi tare da yanayin girma da ya dace zai samar da mafi girma, mafi dadi, da kuma tushen dandano. Shuka Horseradish a wurin da ke samun cikakkiyar rana. Zai jure wa ɗan lokaci rana, amma amfanin gona ba zai yi kyau ba.
Ganyen doki yana tsiro mafi kyau akan ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa ko ƙasa mai yashi mai wadata kwayoyin halitta. Yana buƙatar magudanar ruwa mai kyau don samar da tushe mai inganci. Yana girma a kan ƙasa tare da m, ƙasa mai wuyar gaske akai-akai yana samar da tushen rassa sosai na rashin inganci. Shuka Horseradish yana buƙatar samun babban potassium (K) da matsakaicin phosphorous (P), tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin nitrogen (N) na shekara-shekara. Daidaitaccen aikace-aikacen NPK dole ne a watsa shi kuma a haɗa shi kafin shuka. Bayan haka, a shafa aƙalla fam 50 a kowace kadada na nitrogen a matsayin taki mai farawa, tare da daidaita matakan phosphorus da potassium dangane da gwajin ƙasa. Idan matakan Sulfur sun gwada ƙasa a kan rukunin ƙasa da fam 10 a kowace kadada, yi amfani da fam 15 zuwa 25 na sulfur na asali a kowace kadada. Ko da yake wannan ƙananan matakin aikace-aikacen sulfur ne, zai iya rage matakin pH na ƙasa, wanda ya kamata a kula da amfanin gona na gaba. Horseradish yana son yanayin sanyi. Matsakaicin zafinsa na rana yana daga 7 zuwa 23 ° C.
Kada ku rasa wannan: Rahoton Aikin Mai Mai Sanyi.
Yadawa don Noman Horseradish
Yawancin lokaci, Horseradish yana yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba rawanin ko daga tushen tushen. Ana iya shuka shi daga tushen da aka saya a babban kanti saboda ba a kula da shi da kowane sinadarai da ke shafar ci gaban shuka. Sa'an nan, rashin amfani shi ne cewa iri-iri da halaye na iya zama ba a sani ba. Tushen suna ƙanana waɗanda suke girma daga tushen tushen. Kamar yadda tushen Horseradish ke nuna polarity, yana da matukar muhimmanci a yi bayanin abin da ƙarshen saitin shine saman kuma wanda shine ƙasa don dasa yanki a daidaitaccen daidaitawa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da yanke madaidaiciya a saman ƙarshen saitin da kuma yanke a ƙasa. Idan dasa shuki ta hanyar rarraba kambi mai tushe, dole ne a haƙa shuka a hankali daga ƙasa kuma a raba shi zuwa guda huɗu daidai da kowane ganye da tushen.
Dabarar da ke biyowa don yanke tushen tushen yana aiki da kyau ga mai shuka wanda ya damu da yada tsire-tsire ɗaya ko biyu kawai. Fara da gano wani yanki mai tsayi inci 6-10 na tushen wanda ya haɗa da aƙalla toho ɗaya. Yana da mahimmanci a dasa tushen kamar yadda ya fito daga ƙasa, don haka yi alama saman tare da yanke madaidaiciya da ƙasa tare da yanke kusurwa. Na gaba, cire duk wani tushen reshe da zai iya kasancewa.
Hakanan, ana iya yada tsire-tsire na Horseradish ta amfani da rabon kambi. Yanke kambi cikin sassan da suka haɗa da manyan ganyen shuka da aƙalla kambi 1. Sake dasa sassan a wurin da ake so kuma ana iya dasa tsaba, amma ba koyaushe abin dogaro bane.
Tsarin Shuka don Horseradish Farming
- Tushen Horseradish shuka a farkon lokacin bazara da zaran ƙasa za a iya aiki.
- Zaɓi wuri a cikin cikakkiyar rana tare da ƙasa mai laushi, m, da matsakaici mai nauyi ana ba da shawarar. Yana da amfanin gona na shekara-shekara, don haka zaɓi wurin dasa shuki inda tushen zai iya yadawa ba tare da damuwa ba.
- Shirya gado ta hanyar jujjuya ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan inci 8 kuma saita tsire-tsire 18 inci dabam a cikin layuka kamar inci 30. Shuka tare da ƙarshen ƙarshen sama, ko dai a tsaye ko a kwance.
- Lokacin dasa shuki a tsaye, ana iya amfani da diamita mai inci 1 don yin ramin da za a dasa tushen cikinsa. Rufe tushen tare da inci 3 na ƙasa kuma tsire-tsire na iya ɗaukar makonni 4-6 don fitowa.
Bukatun Shuka da Tazara don Noman Horseradish
Yawancin lokaci, ana yada shuka ta Horseradish ta hanyar amfani da kambi ko tushen cuttings. Ko da yake, da cuttings ana samu daga gefen tushen, wanda aka trimmed kashe a cikin shirye-shiryen na tushen kasuwa. Har ila yau, ana yada shi daga rawanin. The baza Tushen ya kamata ya zama tsayin 10 zuwa 20 cm kuma girman daga 65 zuwa 1.25 cm a diamita. An dasa shuki a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba 7.5 zuwa 10.0 cm a ƙasa da ƙasa. Sa'an nan, ƙasa a kusa da cuttings yana da kyau cushe.
Don yankunan da ke da gajeren lokacin girma, yi amfani da hanyar kambi don yada Horseradish. Tono tsiro sannan a raba saiwar zuwa guda 4 daidai gwargwado mai dauke da ganye da saiwar. Bari raunukan su warke na kwanaki da yawa kafin dasa shuki, tare da kambin matsayi kamar 1 zuwa 2 inci a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
Tushen yankan tushen tushe ne masu girman fensir da aka tattara daga manyan tushen. Bayan haka, yanke ƙarshen kusa da babban tushen tushe da sauran ƙarshen a kusurwa. Shuka ƙarshen murabba'in tushen sama sama da ƙarshen kusurwa kuma dasa waɗannan tushen guda 2 zuwa 3 zurfi da ƙafa 1 baya.
Bukatun Taki da Taki don Noman Doki
Dole ne a ba wa ƙasa suturar FYM da ta lalace sosai (gonar gona taki) kafin yin noma. Kore taki da kasuwanci takin mai magani Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don girma shuka. Takin da ke dauke da kimanin kilo 50 kowanne na nitrogen da potash da 70 zuwa 100 na phosphorus a kowace acre sun wadatar da tsiro. Taki mai yawa a cikin potassium yana da mahimmanci don ci gaban tushen da ya dace.
Bukatun Ban ruwa don Noman Horseradish
Ana buƙatar ban ruwa a lokacin bushewa, musamman a ƙarshen lokacin rani don faɗuwa, na iya haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da ake iya samun kasuwa dangane da iyawar ƙasa. Yana da matukar jure fari. Idan a ƙarƙashin ruwa, tushen shuka ya zama itace kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai rauni. Idan an sha ruwa sosai, saiwoyin ya zama taushi kuma suna da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi. Ruwa sau ɗaya a mako, 1-2 inci.
Idan kun rasa wannan: Girma Ganye Hydroponically.
Kulawa Shuka in Horseradish Farming
- Shuka Horseradish yana da dogon taproots, don haka ƙasa da aka shirya da kyau yana da matukar mahimmanci tunda yana da wahala a gyara yanayin da zarar an kafa shuka na dindindin. Hakanan, ƙirƙirar yanayin ƙasa mai kyau a cikin gadon lambun ta hanyar juya cikin inci biyu na kwayoyin halitta.
- Takin shuka ta hanyar ƙara takin gargajiya zuwa gadon shuka kowane wata.
- Horseradish yana girma a wani wuri a buɗe tare da isasshen hasken rana, amma yanki mai inuwa kuma yana da karɓa. Kuma, kauce wa dasa Horseradish a kusa da bango ko shinge wanda zai iya lalata tushen ci gaban.
- Horseradish shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, don haka zai dawo kowace shekara. Itacen Horseradish ya kai kololuwar girmansa, don haka jira har zuwa ƙarshen faɗuwar girbi amfanin gona na Horseradish.
Kwari da Kula da Cututtuka a Noman Horseradish
Horseradish yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan foliar daban-daban. Farin tsatsa cuta ce mai mahimmanci a cikin Horseradish wanda ke iyakance tushen girma saboda kamuwa da foliar. Ana iya sarrafa cutar ta fari mai tsatsa da kyau tare da kayan gwari da kuma amfani da resistant iri.
Horseradish na iya jure wa wasu lahani ga ganyen sa ba tare da shafar amfanin gona da ingancin tushen ba.
Ƙwayoyin ƙwaro, caterpillars, da larvae na lu'u-lu'u duk Horseradish ne cututtuka na shuka. Masu shuka sun fi damuwa da kwari da ke haifar da lalacewar tushen. Juyawa amfanin gona da yin amfani da tsaftataccen saiti na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa wannan kwaro.
Leafhopper na gwoza yana haifar da lahani a kaikaice domin ita ce ke haifar da ƙwayar cuta mai gatsewa, ƙwayoyin cuta da aka sani da Spiroplasma citri. Ganyen launin rawaya mai lanƙwasa, wani lokacin da aka sani da saman mai lanƙwasa, suna nunawa a cikin makonni bayan shukar ta kamu da wilting da rana. Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba tana motsawa a karkashin kasa sannan kuma ta haifar da saiwoyin da ke haifar da karancin amfanin gona. Don magance wannan cuta a guji amfani da tushen tushen da ya kamu da cutar.
Bakteriya Leaf Spot - Alamomin cutar Leaf Spot na Bacterial ƙananan aibobi ne masu launin rawaya mai faɗi kuma suna zama madauwari ba bisa ƙa'ida ba tare da tsakiyar ja. Yana bunƙasa a cikin matakan sanyi mai sanyi. Cire tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta kuma kada a dasa Horseradish a wuri ɗaya. Ka guji shayar da ruwa sama kuma kar a yi aiki a kusa da shuke-shuke lokacin da suke jika.
Wuraren ganyen ƙwayoyin cuta za su haifar da aibobi masu jujjuyawa akan ganyen shuka sannan su yada cikin ganyen. Sa'an nan, wannan zai sa a ƙarshe ya sa ganyen ya lanƙwasa ya mutu. Tabo za su yi girma bayan ruwan sama mai yawa. Don hana wannan cutar ta Bacterial leaf spot, cire tarkace daga kewayen shuke-shuken ku yayin da suke girma da kuma nan da nan bayan girbi don hana cutar daga overwintering.
Cercospora Leaf Blight – Kananan gyale masu launin rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyen shuka kuma suna sa ganyen shuka su mutu. Cire tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da lalata duk tarkacen shuka. Zai haifar da tabo mai haske tare da tsakiyar wuta akan ganye. Cire tsire-tsire masu cutar nan da nan sannan a lalata su don hana ci gaba da yaduwar cutar. Don hana wannan matsala, kauce wa yin aiki tare da tsire-tsire lokacin da suke jika. Har ila yau, a bi da tsaba da ruwan zafi don kawar da naman gwari kafin dasa su.
Tushen Rots – Wasu cututtuka na haifar da rubewar tushen Horseradish. Don sarrafa wannan matsala, yi aiki juyawa amfanin gona kuma kada ku shuka amfanin gona masu alaƙa a wuri guda har tsawon shekaru da yawa. Ciro sama sannan a jefar da tsire-tsire masu cutar. Tabbatar cewa ƙasarku tana da kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa.
Rust – Cututtukan naman gwari da yawa da ke haifar da tabo masu launin tsatsa a kan ganye da kuma kusoshi. Burpee Ya Ba da Shawarar: Shuka iri iri masu jurewa da aiwatar da jujjuya amfanin gona. Cire tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta.
Turnip Mosaic Virus - Wannan cuta tana haifar da zobe da kuma mosaic ko mottling a kan ganye da kuma baƙar fata a kan kututturen ganye. Cire tsire-tsire masu cutar kuma a jefar.
Tushen karyewa zai hana tsiron tsiro, sannan zai haifar da ganyen chlorotic wanda ya ruguje ya bushe. Tushen tsire-tsire za su zama masu karye, kuma za a canza launinsu. Don shawo kan wannan matsalar tushen Brittle yi amfani da maganin kwari.
Wasu daga cikin kwari na yau da kullun da ke shafar Horseradish sun haɗa da kabeji madauki da ƙuma irin ƙwaro.
Kabeji loopers zai haifar da ramuka a cikin ganyen Horseradish shuka. Katapillars kore ne kuma suna da farar layukan launi a kowane gefen jikinsu. Ɗauki tsutsa daga tsire-tsire, ko kuma a shafa Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) don kashe ƙananan tsutsa. Waɗannan tsutsotsi kore ne masu launin fari a kowane gefe, tsayin kusan inci 1 zuwa 1.5. Ɗaukar hannu na iya taimakawa hana ƙwai a kan tsire-tsire.
Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaro zai haifar da ƙananan ramuka a cikin ganyen shuka, musamman ga ƙananan tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire. Wannan zai iya rage ci gaban shuka har ma ya kashe shuka idan lalacewar ta yi tsanani. Sa'an nan a shafa ciyawa don hana beetles isa ga ƙasa ta ƙasa a shafa neem man fetur don taimakawa wajen sarrafa matsalar. Juya amfanin gona tare da tsire-tsire a cikin dangin shuka daban kuma yi amfani da murfin jeri mai iyo don hana lalacewa.
Aphids - Alamomin aphids sune kore, ja, baki, ko Peach-Kwarin tsotsa kala-kala wadanda ke iya yada cuta yayin da suke cin gindin ganyen da ke cikin shukar Horseradish. Jawo mafarauta na halitta zuwa cikin lambun kamar mace beetles da wasps waɗanda ke ciyar da aphids. Hakanan, zaku iya wanke su ta amfani da sabulun kwari.
Leafhoppers – Leafhoppers yana haifar da rauni ga ganyen shuka da kuma girma. Suna yada cututtuka. Cire tarkacen shuka kuma amfani da sabulun kwari.
Yaushe kuma Yadda ake girbi Horseradish
Ana girbe tushen shuka ta hanyar noma dukan gado kuma an cire saman da tushen gefen. Ko da yake, ana yin yankan daga tushen basal da samfuran kasuwa da ake sayarwa ko adana su. Tushen da za a iya kasuwa bayan girbi ana tsabtace su, ana wanke su, sannan a tattara su. Tushen sayarwa dole ne ya zama madaidaiciya 20 zuwa 25 cm tsayi kuma 3 zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Ana iya adana tushen shuka a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai ɗanɗano ko kuma ana iya adana shi cikin yanayi mai kyau na makonni da yawa a cikin yashi mai laushi. Girbi duk tushen kafin ƙasa ta daskare in ba haka ba sabon tsiron Horseradish zai tsiro a shekara mai zuwa.
Haihuwar Horseradish
Yawan amfanin Horseradish zai iya zama kusan 25 zuwa 100 quintals a kowace hectare.
Tambayoyin da Akafi Yi Game da Noman Doki
Horseradish da radish iri ɗaya ne?
Suna cikin dangin Brassicaceae na kayan lambu kuma su duka tushensu ne, duk da haka, nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne daban-daban. Armoracia rusticana shine sunan kimiyya don Horseradish yayin da radish na kowa ake kira Raphanus sativus.
Shin Horseradish yana girma a cikin kwantena?
Idan kun damu game da Horseradish yana ɗaukar gonar ku, girma shi a cikin wani akwati zai iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare ku. Kuna buƙatar babban akwati, tare da aƙalla zurfin 30-inch don tushen su girma a ciki. Kuma, dasa tushen kamar yadda kuke dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Girma Horseradish a cikin kwantena yana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa akai-akai da takin kowane wata.
Har yaushe ake ɗaukar Horseradish don girma?
Horseradish an dasa a cikin bazara kakar domin girbi a cikin marigayi fall. Horseradish yana ba da shawarar shuka tsire-tsire a tono kowace faɗuwar kawar da damar da za su samu daga sarrafawa.
Horseradish yana da sauƙin girma?
Horseradish yana da sauƙin girma a cikin rana ko inuwa mai ban sha'awa, amfanin gona na perennial. Tushen Horseradish ana girbe a lokacin bazara, hunturu ko bazara, sa'an nan kuma a kwasfa da niƙa kafin a ji daɗin ƙanshi kamar barkono.