Yayin da fari da sauyin yanayi ke ci gaba da yin barna a ruwan California, wata kungiya mai fafutukar kare muhalli ta yi kira ga jihar da ta takaita noman amfanin gona masu kishirwa kamar almonds da alfalfa, tana mai cewa masana'antar noma na yin kaca-kaca da akasarin kayayyakin da jihar ke samu ta hanyar kashe kudi. mazauna.
Manyan sana'o'in noma da gonakin masana'antu-da masu sarrafa mai da iskar gas-suna cikin manya-manyan ruwa masu amfani da su a cikin jihar don haka ya kamata su kasance suna yin sadaukarwa, in ji wani rahoto na Ƙungiyar Abinci da Ruwa mai zaman kanta. Kungiyar ta bukaci Gwamna Gavin Newsom ya samar da sabbin tsare-tsare na ruwa da zai hana fadada masana'antar noma da man fetur, tare da cika alkawarin jihar na samar da tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta da kuma rahusa ga daukacin mazauna yankin.
"California na buƙatar yin gyare-gyare na asali da canje-canje ga mu kayan aikin ruwa, kuma a halin yanzu gwamna yana da ikon daukar matakin gaggawa,” in ji Chirag Bhakta, darektan kungiyar a California. "Kalifoniya ta fada cikin fari na dogon lokaci a halin yanzu, kuma duk da haka lamarin yake, har yanzu jihar na yin amfani da biliyoyin galan na ruwa da ke zuwa ga burbushin mai da kuma manyan ayyukan noma."
Rahoton wanda aka fitar a ranar Laraba, ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da jihar ke kara matsa lamba don rage yawan ruwan da take sha daga kogin Colorado, da kuma yadda manoma ke kokawa kan yadda za a shawo kan matsalar.
Marubutan rahoton sun gano cewa fadada gonakin goro kamar almonds da pistachios sun yi amfani da galan biliyan 520 fiye da ruwa a cikin 2021 fiye da na 2017, wanda ke nuna cewa fadada yana faruwa duk da tsauraran matakan. kayayyakin ruwa. Wannan ya isa ya wadata sama da mutane miliyan 34, ko kuma kusan kashi 90% na al’ummar California, har tsawon shekara guda, in ji rahoton.
Rahoton na Food and Water Watch ya kuma nuna cewa alfalfa na amfani da ruwa mai matsakaicin galan biliyan 945 a duk shekara, kuma masana’antar kiwo na cin fiye da galan miliyan 142 a kowace rana domin kula da shanunsu, yayin da kamfanonin mai da iskar gas suka kashe galan biliyan 3 a tsakanin shekarar 2018. da 2021 don ayyukan hakowa.
Andrew Ayres, wani jami'in bincike a Cibiyar Siyasar Jama'a ta Cibiyar Siyasa ta Ruwa ta California, ya ce yana da kyau a yi nuni da hakan. harkar nomaamfani da ruwa mai cinyewa, amma cewa "yana da mahimmanci kuma mu tuna duk fa'idodin da muke samu ta amfani da ruwa a cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen."
California tana girma fiye da kashi 80% na almonds na duniya da kuma babban kaso na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari da sauran kwayoyi na ƙasar.
"Musamman a lokacin hunturu, California tana samar da mafi yawan abubuwa kamar latas da sauran ganyen ganye wanda in ba haka ba zai yi matukar wahala a samu hannunku a cikin shekara," in ji shi.
Steve Lyle, mai magana da yawun Sashen Abinci da Aikin Noma na California, ya fada a cikin imel cewa "al'adar kiyayewa" ta jagoranci aikin noma na jihar shekaru da yawa.
Ya kawo bayanai daga Ma’aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa da ke nuna cewa manoma da makiyaya sun yi amfani da karancin ruwa da kashi 14 cikin 35 a tsawon shekaru 38 yayin da suke kara yawan amfanin gona da kashi 20 cikin 33, kuma a cikin shekaru XNUMX masu noman almond sun rage yawan ruwan da ake amfani da su. girma fam na almonds da XNUMX%.
Masana'antar "ta himmatu wajen samun wani raguwar kashi 20 cikin 2025 nan da shekarar 85," in ji shi, ya kara da cewa "a halin yanzu kashi XNUMX% na gonakin almond na California ke amfani da karancin ruwa mai inganci."
Dangane da gonakin kiwo, ruwan da ake amfani da shi don samar da madara ya ragu da kashi 88 cikin dari cikin shekaru 50, in ji Lyle.
Ko da yake noma yana wakiltar kusan kashi 3 cikin 11 na yawan amfanin gida na California, yana ba da kusan kashi XNUMX% na wadatar abinci a ƙasar, fiye da kowace jiha. California kuma ita ce farkon ƙasar da ke samar da amfanin gona da yawa, gami da almonds, artichokes, zaitun da walnuts.
Amma kuma harkar noma wani fanni ne mai kishirwa, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 80% na ruwan jihar da ake ware wa dan Adam. Duk da yake wannan yana kama da babban rabo, ba wai kawai ga California ba ne, in ji Thomas Harter, farfesa a Sashen Kasa, Sama da Albarkatun Ruwa a UC Davis.
"Duk wani wuri a duniya da kuka yi noma ban ruwa, zai zama babban mai amfani da ruwa, kawai saboda yanayin noman abinci tare da ban ruwa," in ji shi.
A California, galibin wannan ruwan yana fitowa ne daga magudanan ruwa na karkashin kasa, wadanda jihar ke dogaro da su sosai a lokacin bushewar shekaru. Ambaliyar ruwan da ake yi a wasu sassan jihar na kara bushewar rijiyoyin da ba a iya gani ba, lamarin da ya sa kasar ta lafa tare da cutar da namun daji da kuma muhalli.
Dangane da matsalar, jihar a cikin 2014 ta zartar da Dokar Kula da Ruwan Ruwa mai Dorewa, wanda aka yi niyya don daidaita yawan famfo ruwan karkashin kasa a California. Sai dai lokacin aiwatar da aikin ya wuce fiye da shekaru ashirin, wanda ya haifar da rudani na hako rijiyoyin da mutane da yawa ke fatan shiga cikin kayayyaki kafin a yanke su.
Marubutan rahoton sun ce tsarin lokaci "ya yi kasa sosai wajen kare ruwan karkashin kasa ta hanyar jinkirta daukar mataki har zuwa 2040." Suna jayayya cewa SGMA yana sanya masana'antu a gaban mutane. "Magidanta masu ƙarancin albarkatu, mutane masu launin fata, da al'ummomin da suka riga sun kamu da rashin adalci na muhalli suna iya fuskantar mummunan tasirin fari da ƙarancin ruwa," sun rubuta.
Lyle ya ce an riga an fara aiwatar da SGMA kuma Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa ta bukaci hukumomin kiyaye ruwan karkashin kasa su gabatar da tsare-tsare don kare ruwan sha ga al'ummomi masu rauni. Dole ne hukumomin ruwa su cimma burin dorewarsu a cikin shekaru 20, in ji shi.
Rahoton ya kuma duba masana’antar kiwo, wadanda kayayyakinsu ke wakiltar mafi yawan adadin kudaden noma da jihar ta samu a shekarar 2021 akan dala biliyan 7.57, a cewar ma’aikatar abinci da noma.
Harter ya ce ko shakka babu abinci na dabba, gaba dayansa, yana da babban sawun ruwa fiye da na tsiro.
"Ba na tallata kayan dabbobi ba, amma ina tsammanin mafi mahimmancin sashi shine a sami, a cikin dogon lokaci, ingantacciyar daidaituwa tsakanin (biyu) wanda zai ba mu damar dorewar, ba kawai a California ba har ma a duk faɗin duniya." ” in ji shi.
Kamar kiwo, yawancin amfanin gona da ake nomawa a jihar ana tura su zuwa ketare. Rahoton ya ce, ana fitar da fiye da rabin almond na jihar, wanda ya kai kimanin galan biliyan 800 na ruwa a kowace shekara. Hakanan ana fitar da Alfalfa sau da yawa, tare da kusan kashi 35% na samfuran ciyawa na California da aka aika zuwa ƙasashen waje a cikin 2020.
Yayin da alfalfa na buƙatar ruwa mai yawa don girma, yana da babban dawowa bisa ga yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi, in ji Daniel Putnam, kwararre na haɗin gwiwa a Jami'ar California, Davis wanda ke mai da hankali kan alfalfa. Tushen tushen shuka shima yana da kyau ga lafiyar ƙasa.
Amma ya yarda cewa hanyar noman amfanin gona, wanda galibi ta hanyar tsarin ambaliyar ruwa mai tsananin nauyi, za a iya inganta shi “ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa” da kuma kara yawan amfanin gona.
"Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu noman rani ke aiki akan ban ruwa na sama, sun yi aikin noman rani a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma a cikin littafina, waɗannan duka suna da alƙawari da yawa," in ji shi.
To sai dai yayin da akwai damar ingantawa, Putnam ya jaddada cewa noma na amfani da ruwa mai yawa domin ana bukatar ruwa mai yawa kafin a noma kusan komai.
"Ko da tare da amfani da ruwa na birane, yawancin shine don gyaran shimfidar wuri, yawancin suna zuwa tsire-tsire," in ji shi. “Kuma akwai dalilin da ya sa shuke-shuke na bukatar ruwa mai yawa, kuma haka abin yake. … Tsarin abinci yana buƙatar ruwa.”
Shawarwarin da rahoton ya zayyana ga kamfanin Newsom da hukumomin jihar sun hada da kawo karshen sabbin hako iskar gas da mai da kuma hana sabbin masana'antar kiwo; tabbatar da cewa hakki da rabon ruwa sun amfanar da jama'a; da kuma karfafa kariyar ruwan karkashin kasa.
A matakin tarayya, ta bukaci Majalisa da ta zartar da dokoki irin su Dokar Rarraba Ruwa, Gaskiya, Daidaito da Dokokin Dokokin da za su "cikakken ba da tallafin ruwa da tsarin ruwa na ruwa, mayar da tsarin ruwa a hannun jama'a, taimakawa wajen tabbatar da samun ruwa da kuma samar da ruwa ga jama'a. araha, da kuma maido da kudurin gwamnatin tarayya na kare ruwa”.
Bhakta ya ce al'amuran samar da ruwa na California sun bukaci a sake tunani da sake fasalin yadda ake amfani da ruwa a jihar. "Babban batunmu shi ne cewa muna bukatar sanya 'yan California na yau da kullun a gaban ribar kamfanonin mai da manyan kamfanonin noma."
Tushe: https://phys.org