An sami canjin rubuce-rubuce mai kyau zuwa farkon lokacin furanni a cikin tsire-tsire da yawa yayin da duniya ke dumama. Halin yana tsoratar da masana ilimin halitta saboda yana da yuwuwar tarwatsa mu'amalar da aka yi a hankali tsakanin tsirrai da halittu - malam buɗe ido, ƙudan zuma, tsuntsaye, jemagu da sauran su - waɗanda ke lalata su.
Amma ba a mai da hankali sosai ga canje-canjen wasu halaye na fure, kamar girman furen, wanda kuma zai iya shafar hulɗar shuka-pollinator, a lokacin da mutane da yawa. kwari pollinators suna cikin raguwar duniya.
A cikin binciken da aka buga a kan layi a cikin mujallar Haruffa Juyin Halitta, Masana ilmin halitta na Jami'ar Michigan guda biyu da abokin aikinsu na Jami'ar Georgia sun nuna cewa yawan daji na safiya na yau da kullun a kudu maso gabashin Amurka ya karu girman furanni tsakanin 2003 da 2012.
Ƙara girman furen yana nuna babban saka hannun jari na tsire-tsire a cikin jan hankalin pollinator, a cewar masu binciken. Canje-canjen an fi bayyana su ne a mafi yawan latitudes na arewa, daidai da ɗimbin ayyukan da suka gabata waɗanda ke nuna cewa yawan tsire-tsire na arewa suna nuna ƙarin martanin juyin halitta ga sauyin yanayi.
An kuma lura da canji zuwa furen farko a cikin waɗancan al'ummomin ɗaukacin safiya. Bugu da kari, akwai alamun da ke nuna cewa tsire-tsire sun ƙara saka hannun jarin su don samun lada na fure-nectar da pollen da ƙudan zuma suka samu, ƙudaje na syrphid da ɓangarorin da ke lalata furannin fari, ruwan hoda da shuɗi.
"Akwai babban gibi a cikin fahimtarmu game da yadda halayen da ke da mahimmanci ga hulɗar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire za su iya tasowa a tsawon lokaci a matsayin mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi," in ji marubucin binciken Sasha Bishop, dalibin digiri a Sashen Kimiyya na UM. da Biology na Juyin Halitta.
"Mun nuna cewa - ban da sauye-sauyen rubuce-rubuce masu kyau zuwa fure-fure na farko - gine-ginen furanni da lada na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin martanin juyin halitta ga canjin muhalli na zamani."
Girman safiya na gama-gari itace itacen inabin ciyawa na shekara-shekara da ake samu a gabas, tsakiyar yamma da kudancin Amurka. Ana yawan ganin shi a gefen titina da filayen amfanin gona.
Binciken da UM ya jagoranta ya yi amfani da tsarin “tashin matattu” wanda ya haɗa da shuka tsaba masu ɗaukaka na safiya da aka tattara daga gefuna na soya da masara na noma a Tennessee, North Carolina da South Carolina a cikin shekaru biyu: 2003 da 2012.
A cikin wannan tsahon shekaru tara, yankin ya sami hauhawar yanayin zafi—musamman tashin gwauron zabi da yanayin zafi da daddare—da kuma karuwar yawan abubuwan da suka shafi ruwan sama mai tsananin gaske tare da matsanancin fari.
Don nemo canje-canje a cikin ilimin halittar fure, masu binciken sun dasa iri-iri da aka tattara daga shekaru biyu a cikin greenhouse a Lambunan Botanical na UM na Matthaei. Lokacin da furanni suka yi fure, an auna halayen fure iri-iri tare da calipers na dijital.
Ma'aunai sun nuna cewa girman girman safiya ya zama mafi girma a cikin tazarar shekaru tara - 4.5 centimeters (inci 1.8) a diamita a cikin 2003 da 4.8 centimeters (inci 1.9) a 2012, kuma canjin corollas ya kasance mafi girma a cikin yawan jama'a a mafi yawan latitudes na arewa. . Ganyen furanni ana kiransu tare da suna corolla.
Har ila yau, binciken ya nuna sauyi zuwa lokacin furanni na farko tsakanin 2003 da 2012, wanda yawancin jama'a a mafi yawan latitudes na arewa suka jagoranci. Farkon furen ya faru ne kwanaki huɗu a baya don tsire-tsire da aka girma daga tsaba da aka tattara a cikin 2012.
Abin sha'awa shine, masu binciken sun kuma lura da yanayin da ya shafi latitude zuwa babban saka hannun jari a ladan fure (pollen da nectar) na tsawon lokaci. A matsakaita, furannin daukakar safiya da suka girma daga tsaba da aka tattara a shekarar 2012 sun samar da mafi yawan hatsin pollen da karin sucrose na nectar fiye da furanni daga tsaba da aka tattara a 2003.
Koyaya, binciken pollen da nectar ya ƙunshi mutane huɗu kawai na tsire-tsire masu ɗaukaka safiya. Saboda ƙarancin adadin yawan jama'a da aka bincika, ba a haɗa sakamakon sakamako na fure ba a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga don neman shaidar cewa daidaitawa ta zaɓin yanayi yana faruwa a cikin tsire-tsire.
"Duk da haka, da alama ana samun karuwar saka hannun jari na ɗan lokaci a sha'awar pollinator kuma wannan sakamakon ya kasance ne ta hanyar yawan jama'a a arewacin latitudes," in ji babbar mawallafin binciken Regina Baucom, mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Ilimin Halitta da Juyin Halitta na UM.
Binciken ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ɗaukakar safiya na ƙara yawan adadin da suke yin pollination. Shaidu daga wasu binciken da suka gabata sun nuna karuwar "kai" a matsayin mai yiwuwa martani ga canjin yanayi da/ko raguwar pollinator mai alaƙa da canjin amfani da ƙasa.
"Wannan ita ce labarin farko da za a yi amfani da tsarin tashin matattu don bincika yiwuwar cewa halayen da ke da alhakin hulɗar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na iya tasowa a tsawon lokaci, tare da raguwa a yawan pollinator da kuma canje-canjen muhalli masu ban mamaki saboda sauyin yanayi da tsarin amfani da ƙasa," Bishop yace.
An haɗa adadin ɗaukakar safiya goma sha biyar a cikin gwajin tashin matattu da ke duban canje-canje a yanayin halittar fure. An haɗa mutane ashirin da uku a cikin binciken furanni na farkon lokacin bazara. Gabaɗaya, an auna furanni 2,836 daga tsirrai 456.
