Manoman Bangladesh da yawa suna noman kayan lambu a maimakon paddy saboda sauyin yanayi yana haifar da ƙarancin ruwan sama da ruwan ƙasa.
Shekaru da dama, Shafiqul Islam Babu ya noma shinkafa a ƙasarsa a arewa maso yammacin Bangladesh - har sai da sauyin yanayi ya sa ruwan sama ya zama marar kuskure kuma ruwan ƙasa da aka yi amfani da shi ya fara bushewa a tsakiyar shekarun 2000.
Kamar yadda noman shinkafa ya ragu, haka abin da ya samu ya ragu.
Dangane da mayar da martani, manomin mai shekaru 45 ya yanke shawarar shuka kabeji a gonarsa - amfanin gona mai kima mai yawa wanda ke amfani da ruwa kadan fiye da shinkafa, yana da yawan masu saye, kuma yana ba shi kudaden shiga.
"Ban san abin da zan yi ba maimakon noman paddy, wanda shine sana'ar kakannina, (kuma) dole ne in kula da iyalina da abin da nake tarawa," in ji shi a wata hira yayin da yake tsaftace ciyawa da matattun ganye daga hekta 20. (49-acre) gonar kabeji.
"Sa'an nan, noman kayan lambu ya nuna mani hasken bege."Babu ya ce ya sayar da dukkan amfanin gonarsa na kabeji kafin girbi a bana, tare da bukatar kayan lambu mai yawa a Dhaka, babban birnin kasar. Ya yi nasarar yin takamaimai kimanin 215,000 kwatankwacin dalar Amurka 2,000, sama da 80,000 da ya saba karba na noman shinkafa.
Haɓaka tasirin sauyin yanayi ya sa manoma da yawa a gundumar Rajshahi ta Bangladesh su musanya shinkafa da kayan lambu yayin da suke ƙoƙarin biyan kasuwancinsu a duniya mai zafi.
Shekaru takwas da suka gabata, shinkafa ita ce babbar noman yankin - amma yanzu ita ce “abin da aka yi hasarar amfanin gona”, tare da kayan lambu daga kabeji zuwa gourd suna ƙara samun tagomashi saboda suna buƙatar ƙarancin ruwa, suna samar da albarkatu masu yawa kuma suna kawo ƙarin kuɗi, a cewar Shamsul Wadud, shugaban. na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta gundumar.
Wadud ya bayyana cewa manoma a Rajshahi sun sha kokawa wajen noman shinkafa har sau biyu a shekara, amma da yawa yanzu suna noman kayan lambu sau uku ko hudu a kowace shekara a kasa daya.
"Suna samun farashi mai kyau (kuma) noman kayan lambu yanzu ya karu sau da yawa," in ji shi.
Tun daga shekara ta 2009, yankin da aka keɓe don noman kayan lambu ya kusan rubanya kusan hekta 78,500 a Rajshahi, wanda ya zama yanki mafi girma a cikin samar da kayan lambu a ƙasar, kamar yadda alkalumman ma'aikatar aikin gona suka nuna.
Amma ba Rajshahi kadai ke kallon bayan shinkafa ba.
Ministan noma na Bangladesh Muhammad Abdur Razzaque ya ce gwamnati na da burin yin amfani da "kowane irin kasa da aka yi watsi da su da kuma yashi" wajen fadada noman kayan lambu.
Ƙasar yashi ana ɗaukarta ta fi noman kayan lambu maimakon shinkafa saboda tana buƙatar ƙarancin ruwa da taki, in ji jami'ai.
Rage ruwan karkashin kasa
Yayin da wasu sassa na Bangladesh ke fama da mamakon ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa, fari na kara zama ruwan dare a yankin Barind, wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan Rajshahi da wasu gundumar Rangpur.
Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin ya kai mm 1,100 (inci 43) - kasa da rabin matsakaicin kasa baki daya - in ji Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan, farfesa a fannin kasa a Jami'ar Rajshahi.
Kuma, saboda saurin sauyin yanayi, matsakaicin ruwan sama a yankin Barind "yana raguwa kowace rana", in ji shi.
Sarwar Jahan ya kara da cewa, saboda karancin ruwan sama, manoman yankin sun dogara ne da rijiyoyi masu zurfi don samun ruwan da za su yi ban ruwa ga amfanin gonakinsu, wanda hakan ke yin matsin lamba ga samar da ruwan karkashin kasa.
Matsakaicin ruwan karkashin kasa a Barind yana raguwa da 50 zuwa 60 cm kowace shekara, a cewar Hukumar Raya Ruwa ta Bangladesh.
Wannan ya zaburar da wasu manoma a Rajshahi a karshen shekarun 2000 don kokarin noman kabeji da gourd - wanda yayi kama da kokwamba - a kasar da suka bar shinkafa, a cewar Dewan Ali, mai shekaru 55, wani manomi da ke zaune a kauyen Godagari. .
"Bayan 'yan watanni, sun yi mamakin ganin cewa da karancin ruwa da karancin taki suna samun girbi mai kyau," in ji Ali.
“Wannan labari mai daɗi yana yawo a ko’ina. A cikin shekaru biyu, yawancin manoman sun fara noman kayan lambu iri-iri.”
Cibiyar Binciken Shinkafa ta Bangladesh (BRRI) ta kiyasta cewa ana iya noman wasu kayan lambu - da suka hada da tumatir, okra da radishes - ta hanyar amfani da kusan lita 336 na ruwa a kowace kilogiram, kusan sau goma kasa da yadda ake noman adadin shinkafa iri daya.
Haɓaka noman kayan lambu shine fifiko ga Sashen Kula da Aikin Noma na Rajshahi, wanda ke horar da manoma - tun daga yadda ake amfani da takin zamani don magance cututtuka - ba su iri kyauta, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a don kara karfafa gwiwa don canza canjin, a cewar Wadud. .
Ya ce gwamnatin Rajshahi ta mayar da hankali ne kawai kan wuraren da manoma ke fafutukar noman shinkafa, don haka babu hatsarin sauya kayan lambu da ke shafar noman paddy baki daya.
Wadud ya kara da cewa, "ana noma isasshiyar shinkafa (shinkafa) a wasu sassan kasar."
Girma 'bege'
Yayin da manoma da yawa suka ce an ceci rayuwarsu ta hanyar gano cewa kayan lambu na iya bunƙasa a busasshiyar ƙasa, yawan amfanin gonakin na iya nuna cewa wani lokacin abu ne mai kyau.
A cikin lokutan da ake samun albarka, yawan wadatar kayayyaki yana haifar da raguwar farashin da manoma za su iya biya don amfanin amfanin gonarsu, yayin da ma'ajiyar kaya kuma matsala ce, in ji Hossain Ali, wani manomi a yankin Godagari na Rajshahi.
Ya ce idan manoma suka noma shinkafa fiye da yadda za su sayar, za a iya bushe ta a ajiye ta cikin sauki har tsawon watanni shida, amma rarar kayan lambu da sauri su rube sai dai idan ba a sanyaya su a firiji ba.
"Idan gwamnati ta gina ajiyar sanyi, za mu iya adana (kayan lambu) kuma a lokacin bazara za mu iya sayar da su a kan farashi mai kyau," in ji Ali, wanda ke da hekta 30 na fili wanda yake noman kayan lambu iri-iri da suka hada da farin kabeji da tumatir.
Sai dai ga manomi Mohammed Ali kalubalen noman kayan lambu ya zarce fa'ida ga iyalansa.
Bayan ya shafe shekaru goma a Saudiyya a matsayin ma'aikacin gini don aika kudi gida, Ali ya koma Rajshahi a shekarar 2010 don noman shinkafa. Amma karancin ruwa ya tilasta masa barin aiki, maimakon haka sai ya bude wani karamin kantin sayar da kayayyaki da ke kusa da gidansa.
Bayan haka, ziyarar ’yan uwa a yankin ta canza rayuwar Ali. Ya yi mamakin ganin ƙasarsu cike da kayan marmari.
"Na sami wani bege," in ji mijin kuma mahaifin 'ya'ya biyu, da ke zaune a Lalpur, a gundumar Natore a yankin.
Ali ya dasa gyadar daci da nuni da guzuri da zarar ya isa gida, ya ce ya sayar da girbinsa na farko bayan wata biyu.
Yanzu, yana iya yin taka 28,000 kowane wata akan kadada ɗaya kawai - kuma baya buƙatar yin la'akarin barin gida don neman aiki.
"Ba na tunanin fita waje saboda zan iya samun lafiya ta wurin zama a gida," in ji Ali. "Babu wani abu da zai fi kyau fiye da samun kuɗi da kasancewa tare da dangi."
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