Yanayin zafi da muka samu ya haifar da thrips kuma zuwa ƙarami biyu hange gizo-gizo mite, TSSM (Tetranychus urticae) yawan jama'a don karuwa da sauri a wasu filayen kayan lambu a Maryland.
Wadannan kwari suna ciyarwa ta hanyar huda saman jikin tsiro da kuma tsotsar abin da ke cikin tantanin halitta, wanda ke haifar da stipping, flecking mai launi, ko azurfar saman ganye (Fig.1). Za mu yi magana galibi game da thrips wannan lokacin kamar yadda na rufe TSSMs a cikin labarin da ya gabata. Ciyarwar thrips yawanci yana tare da baƙar fata na faransa (hoton thrips) (Fig. 1a), yayin da mite poop fari ne ko bayyananne.
Wadannan kwari guda biyu na iya canza launi da tabo ganye, furanni, da saman 'ya'yan itace, da kuma karkatar da sassan shuka kuma, a cikin yanayin thrips, ƙwayoyin cuta na tsire-tsire. Akwai nau'o'in nau'in kayan lambu da yawa tare da mafi yawan kasancewa na Gabas flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici, Taba thrips Frankliniella fusca, Western flower thrips, F. occidentalis da Onion thrips Thrips tabaci. Nau'in nau'i uku na ƙarshe sune waɗanda suka fi dacewa su watsa kwayar cutar tumatur da aka hange, TSWV.
Ciyarwar thrips tana haifar da martani daban-daban, gami da samuwar tabo da gurɓataccen girma (fig. 2). Mata na yawancin nau'ikan ciyar da tsire-tsire suna sanya ƙwai masu siffar koda akan ko cikin nama na shuka (wannan wuri na ƙarshe ya sa kusan ba zai yiwu a sami ƙwai masu tsini akan tsire-tsire ba). Thrips yana ƙyanƙyashe daga kwai kuma ya haɓaka zuwa matakai biyu na tsutsa sannan kuma matakan 'prepupa da pupa', kafin ya zama babba.
Prepupae da pupae na mafi yawan nau'ikan suna sauke zuwa ƙasa ko leaf zuriyar ganye don yin pupate. Thrips suna da ƙarni da yawa (har zuwa takwas) a shekara. Lokacin da yanayi yayi dumi, yanayin rayuwa zai iya zama gajere kamar makonni 2.
Ƙofar thrips don kayan lambu sune: furannin tumatir, barkono ko kankana na iya jurewa 5 thrips/flower ba tare da matsalolin ci gaban 'ya'yan itace ba. Squash da furanni na kabewa na iya jure wa 5-10 thrips / flower ba tare da tasiri akan ingancin 'ya'yan itace ba. Aikace-aikace ɗaya ko biyu na pyrethroid ko neonic ko spinosad (duba 2020/2021 Shawarar Samar da Kayan lambu na Kasuwancin Tsakiyar-Atlantic jagora) amfani da isasshen ruwa (60-80 gal/a, dole ne ku sami cikakken ɗaukar hoto) yakamata sarrafa yawancin thrips infestations.
Don mites gizo-gizo guda biyu da aka hange Agri-Mek ya nuna sakamako mai kyau ko da lokacin feshi bai isa ba. Akwai wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Acramite waɗanda kuma zasu ba da iko mai kyau na TSSM kuma ana iya samun su a cikin jagorar shawarwari. Tabbatar amfani da duk wani maganin kashe kwari lokacin da ƙudan zuma ba za su yi aiki a filin ba.
Wasu daga cikin al'ummomin thrips da mites a cikin filin a yanzu suna iya kasancewa sakamakon dashen da aka yi wa ɗanɗanon waɗannan kwari. Wadannan cututtuka yawanci sun ƙunshi marasa girma, waɗanda suke da wuya a hange ko ƙwai waɗanda ba za a iya gano su ba idan sun kwanta a cikin ƙwayar ganye (thrips) ko kuma akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu a gefen ganye a cikin raƙuman ruwa (mites).
Nazarin da na gudanar ya nuna cewa idan kun yi maganin dashen ku (musamman tumatir) tare da aikace-aikacen 2 na feshin man kayan lambu (0.5-1% a girma) tare da aikace-aikacen farko yana zuwa kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasawa da 2.nd zuwan kwanaki 1-2 (ko kowace alamar alamar) kafin ka je filin, kusan za ka iya kawar da duk wata matsala ko matsalolin mite gizo-gizo da aka hange da suka fara daga dashen ka.
A lokacin kakar fesa fiye da sau 3-4 don thrips ko kuma gizo-gizo gizo-gizo guda biyu da aka hange a cikin filin a kan tsawon makonni 4-5 tare da ƙarancin kulawa zai haifar da matsala mafi muni. Wannan shi ne saboda sprays zai rage girman duk abokan gaba na kwari, amma ba thrips ko TSSM ba wanda zai iya haɓaka juriya ga magungunan kashe qwari. Da zarar ka shafa maganin kashe kwari ko maganin kashe kwari kana buƙatar kimanta yadda ya yi aiki da kyau ta hanyar leƙo asirin filin kwanaki kaɗan bayan aikace-aikacen. Idan har yanzu kwari suna aiki sosai kuna buƙatar sake kimanta abin da aka shafa da yadda aka shafa.
Tuntuɓi malamin gundumarku ko ƙwararrun amfanin gona don taimako wajen yin kimantawa.
- Jerry Brust, IPM ƙwararren kayan lambu, Jami'ar Maryland
Hoto na 2 a sama. Karkatar ganyen barkono saboda ciyarwar thrips.